tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70214496074321405852024-02-08T11:41:27.832-08:00How to write a term paper for collegeYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.comBlogger132125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-66392840856329380132020-08-26T10:50:00.001-07:002020-08-26T10:50:10.049-07:00Using a quantitative method enables you to draw up conclusions from the statistical results Free Essaysa) Using a quantitative strategy empowers you to make up determinations from the factual outcomes. One preferred position of this is utilizing polls to get generalisable outcomes. You can disseminate these across England and Wales to a wide range of individuals, regular workers, white collar class, male or female and so on, which later makes your outcomes increasingly illustrative of the populace that you are contemplating. We will compose a custom article test on Utilizing a quantitative strategy empowers you to reach up inferences from the factual outcomes or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now You have results from a scope of individuals rather than one specific gathering, which may have higher rates than others because of material or social elements. Another favorable position is quantitative information is much quicker than subjective information, so on the off chance that you didnââ¬â¢t have a ton of time to assemble your outcomes, at that point a quantitative methodology would be ideal. You donââ¬â¢t need to pose casual inquiries in interviews however rather can accumulate measurable data by means of snappy overview addresses that make your outcomes simpler to peruse. b) One preferred position of utilizing two techniques to accumulate your outcomes is you can quantify them against one another. On the off chance that your outcomes are comparable, at that point they are bound to be legitimate proportion of your example. On the off chance that anyway there is a significant complexity, at that point you could receive an alternate technique until you have comparative outcomes, to guarantee your outcomes were a legitimate proportion of the thing you were considering. Another favorable position is the more outcomes you have, the more you can make speculations regarding your example. You could separate outcomes from each focused on bunch you were considering which would make them agent and at long last increasingly dependable. You have a more extensive scope of results that you could pick your outcomes from. c) Despite minor changes, Item An exhibits a consistent ascent in separate from rates in England and Wales in the course of recent years. It has expanded significantly by over 10%. The fundamental driver as indicated by the thing is the presentation of separation laws in the UK, specifically The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1967. This saw a huge 80 thousand separation increment cresting after the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act of 1985 to 160 thousand separations in England and Wales around the same time. What we notice from thing An is that a greater number of separations are documented by ladies as opposed to men, especially in the last years where there are over twice the same number of ladies petitioning for legal separation contrasted with the insignificant number of men. The proportion augmented drastically after the Divorce Reform Act of 1971, which permitted couples to separate on grounds of conjugal breakdown. This expansion didn't just speak to an excess of couples stan ding by to legitimately end marriage as the rates keep on increasing over the next years. d) In request to begin my exploration I should first operationalise the idea ââ¬Å"stability of family life.â⬠Family life for this situation implies a wedded couple with their own kids who they despite everything support. Strength will be founded in light of the fact that the family own a home loan and are not near the very edge of separation. To get into the field I will talk with youngsters and their folks at schools all through England and Wales. To make my outcomes generalisable, I will utilize an open and a Comprehensive school from every district. This additionally makes my outcome agent as I am utilizing schools from various social foundations, which will give me a decent portrayal of the solidness of family life from various social classes. When I am in the field I will utilize unstructured meetings and center gatherings to assemble my information. I will talk with youngsters to ensure I get solid outcomes â⬠one answer will in general be superior to two. While talking with youngsters I will ensure their folks are available in the event that anything is said that they oppose which would be dishonest. To obtain entrance of guardians I will utilize parentsââ¬â¢ nights to talk with them together. Thusly I will find one solution from them rather than two, which could be unique. It additionally spares time looking at results. When leading the meeting I will guarantee my inquiries are comparable for each and that the family comprehends what the inquiries involve so my outcomes are substantial. I should ensure I am estimating the strength of family life that I perceive, not what another person accepts is the idea. This will at that point make my outcomes dependable for use. e) When utilizing subjective information, the strategies utilized can make results inconsistent for various reasons. The primary worry with my strategy is, are families prone to admit to a more abnormal that their family is precarious? The basic answer is no as that could be humiliating and itââ¬â¢s an individual inquiry. In the event that I was utilizing quantitative information for instance, polls at that point individuals may put an honest answer down as they are not under investigation from the questioner or their accomplice. Meeting youngsters is likewise troublesome particularly while affected by their folks. They are probably going to know whether their folks are in an unsteady relationship for clear reasons yet may not wish to state so on the grounds that they are being viewed by their folks which raises the purpose of acquiring solid outcomes. Anyway you canââ¬â¢t talk with them without their essence because of moral qualities. Guardians are additionally affected by one another. Regardless of whether the marriage is unsteady, one might be too hesitant to even consider saying so because of the response of the other, again causing worry for the dependability of my outcomes. My strategy for gathering information may not work with regards to talking families at parentsââ¬â¢ nighttimes. Measurements show that guardians from regular workers foundations are less inclined to appear. This could be because of work factors, for example, move work that most regular workers individuals will in general do. This would imply that you would have a bigger number of guardians appear in state funded schools than you would in your nearby Comprehensive accordingly giving you an unrepresentative proportion of your example. Another downside is generalisability. You have to have a different example to ensure it is delegate however this at that point makes your technique tedious and costly. You would need to painstakingly choose your goal yet whichever way there is a destruction to this factor. The most effective method to refer to Using a quantitative technique empowers you to make up inferences from the measurable outcomes, Papers Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-75667198270935288702020-08-22T07:56:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:56:31.669-07:00Analyze the Effect of Education on the Development Free Essaysstring(156) they will get sick and will bring about surrendering instruction in that they have no influence and cash to contemplate, which will cause negative effects for the society. Examine the Effect of Education on the Development of Countries Education can show us how to be a genuine man, how to coexist with others in the general public and furthermore can make gifts to let countriesââ¬â¢ power more grounded. Instruction can effectsly affect the advancement of a nation. It is basically reflected in three viewpoints. We will compose a custom paper test on Break down the Effect of Education on the Development or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The first is the financial development, the second is the populace and work in the public eye and the third is steadiness and reasonable in politic. Moreover, this paper will likewise show instruction of various levels has impacts on various parts of various nations. All inclusive instruction significantly affects creating economy development of nations. Created instructive framework is superior to lacking instructive framework to financial increment. A case of fruitful created instructive framework can be found in China and India. In excess of 30 percent populace of the world lives in China and India absolutely, and the greater part of them are still remain in neediness. Confronting such an enormous issue, Chinese government established Nine-Year Compulsory Education Policy to improve the nature of essential training, and Indian government gives increasingly instructed opportunities to young ladies and ladies. With an ever increasing number of individuals being taught, the economy of two nations increments drastically. One reason is that informed ranchers who can peruse the horticulture guidelines get more aptitudes to cultivate well, which brings about a development in rural profitability (Brown, 2008). These informed ranchers realize how to water, apply compost all the more proficiently, lastly they collect more harvests which brings about a higher salary. Dollar and Gattiââ¬â¢s inquire about (1999) delineates that expansion one rate point chances for ladies with optional instruction brings about a 0. rate focuses for a countryââ¬â¢s yearly for every capita increment. To summarize, no doubt monetary development and created instruction framework can't be isolated. The greater interest in instruction framework, the more positive impacts be reflected in the economy increment. Contrasted and created training framework, lacking instructive framework has a contrary result that is economy decrease. Initially, youngsters who are not instructed just as their kids will remain at low class, which is the motivation behind why the hole among neediness and riches gets more extensive. Normally, if a nation has a lot of penniless individuals, the economy is diminishing (Brown, 2008). Next, it is nonsensical for government to give less consideration to instruction, in light of the fact that there is a nearby association between less training, destitution and unsteadiness. Nobel Prize-winning financial specialist Amartya said (2008):â⬠Illiteracy and innumeracy are a more noteworthy danger to humankind than fear mongering. â⬠That implies no instruction is a wellspring of precariousness. It is conceivable that most viciousness and clashes are brought about by poor people, since they are missing of food, garments, new water and their country. They need more information to ensure themselves and they don't have the foggiest idea where they can get equity. At last they should take such savage intends to look for their own advantages, and it prompts genuine result, for example, the war. The two distinct nations that lead diverse instruction frameworks have inverse outcomes in advanced education. Mauritius is a little island which is associated with Tanzania encompassed by the Indian Ocean. Various nature assets can be utilized by Tanzania, for example, gold, gas, jewels, tin, and coal while Mauritius doesn't have (Bloom et al. 006). With these weaknesses, Mauritius government strengthens their endeavors to build the odds for kids being instructed and the nature of advanced education. The UIS refered to in Higher Education (2005) proposes that half of the masses in Mauritius are tertiary understudies, and the number is expanding from 1 percent in 1985 to 15 percent now (TFHE refered to in Higher Education, 2000). The framework additionally establishes a framework for the essential and optional training, and the subjects of college are added to address the issues of understudies (2005). Interestingly, the legislature of Tanzania doesn't focus on advanced education, and the hole between female understudies and male understudies is more extensive, increasingly male understudies. The subjects associated with science are not performed well by understudies. At last, Mauritius has a high for each capita (GDP) of $12,800 and it is as yet developing significantly. Conversely, the GDP in Tanzania is lower, close to $700. Today Mauritius has become a center salary country since 1960 while Tanzania is as yet perhaps the most unfortunate nation on the planet (Bloom, 2005). Apparently training can help discard destitution. On the off chance that a nation has a hunger to be more grounded, the legislature must put additional time and vitality in training framework. Just as influencing the economy, instruction additionally influence on the general public. Womenââ¬â¢s training, which influences the populace development rate, has solid effect on ripeness. Ladies who have decent training will consider their own objectives and will invest more energy in accomplishing the objective, which could prompt them having less kids, and the ripeness will be lower. Ethiopia is a sensational case of this. Other than Population Reference Bureau (2007) shows that Ethiopian ladies without instruction have a normal of 6. 1 youngsters. Interestingly, ladies with in any event optional instruction have a normal of 2. 0 kids. Besides, lady who gets significant level instruction will thoroughly consider the familyââ¬â¢s costs and social weight. So accomplished ladies know how much will they embrace for a kid as a parent. Cleland and Kaufmann (1993) contend that endeavoring to clarify the connection among training and richness should give more consideration to recognizing the determinants of regenerative dynamic. To summarize, womenââ¬â¢s training is the accentuation for richness. Instruction, which can build the childrenââ¬â¢s wellbeing and decline the quantity of illness, is one of the most significant elements for mortality. The populace development rate is fruitfulness in addition to mortality. Consequently both ripeness and mortality ought to be low. Right off the bat, hungry and ailing health is imperative to the strength of youngsters. On the off chance that understudies are eager and lack of healthy sustenance, they will get sick and will bring about surrendering instruction in that they have no influence and cash to examine, which will cause negative effects for the general public. You read Investigate the Effect of Education on the Development in class Article models Sachs (2008) states that most sick kids quit any pretense of going to class everlastingly due to sound issue. Besides young ladies who have not been taught seem to have no cognizance about genuine infections, for example, HIV and AIDS. Nations, for example, Brazil and Bangladesh are executing approaches to conquer this issue; such supporting grants for young ladies or allowances to their folks where required. Young ladies are roused investing more energy in school and wedding in more established age, giving more consideration to medicinal services. At long last, both fruitfulness and mortality will be clearly lower; the social issue of populace might be mitigated. The impact of instruction on work, which is one of the most significant factors in the general public, has been getting more grounded and more grounded. Work is related with singular salary, the familiesââ¬â¢ life quality and the social turn of events. Also, joblessness can cause craving, destitution and social issues, for example, wrongdoing . In China, due to the genuine business circumstance, there are various alumni who are jobless consistently. It appears that on the off chance that somebody has low level training, the chance to be utilized is very little. Interestingly, the individuals who accomplished elevated level instruction will have increasingly opportunity to be effective and have significant compensation. Proof proposes that proficient capacities have enormous financial effects on singular salary and on advancement of nations (Hanushek and Woessmann, 2007) and that workersââ¬â¢ productivity are chosen by both the time and substance of instruction (Heckman, Layne-Farrar, and Todd 1995; Murnane, Willett, and Levy 1995). Be that as it may, on the grounds that the vast majority in European or North American nations center around significant level training, the flexibly and interest for cutting edge talented laborers is imbalanced at this point. Williams (2009) states that the interest for gifted specialists is more prominent than the flexibly. In this manner innovative instruction is by all accounts an open door for somebody who is uneducated and it might alleviate the extreme business circumstance. At last, it will positively affect social turn of events. What's more, since politic depends on economy and society, training of various evaluations could likewise be thought as one of the primary driver which influences politic well. Right off the bat, all inclusive essential and optional instruction can settle the general public and nation, which is the base of the advancement of a nation, particularly in African nations. Essential training offers uneducated kid and grown-up information that can teach them to add to their general public and nation as opposed to carrying out wrongdoings to get by. As per Brown (2008), the execution of a school lunch program in some African nations have kept understudies remaining at school longer, concentrating to increase an appropriate information on acting great yet not follow psychological warfare that does genuine mischief to nations. Fundamental instruction of people likewise keeps peopleââ¬â¢s life over a decent level. Moreover, instruction is a productive method to limit the hole between the rich and poor that could prompt the contention between various classes. Such circumstance could bring about the insurgency and prompts the choppiness of Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-86958310990438719372020-08-18T09:57:00.001-07:002020-08-18T09:57:03.043-07:00Set Up a Soothing Home Spa Experience for Stress ReliefSet Up a Soothing Home Spa Experience for Stress Relief Stress Management Household Stress Print Set Up a Soothing Home Spa Experience Pamper Yourself and Relieve Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on June 24, 2019 stevecoleimages / E+ / Getty Images More in Stress Management Household Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Relationship Stress If youâre as busy and stressed as most of us, you may not take time out for self-care very often. However, personal pampering has many stress relieving benefits and should be incorporated as part of a low-stress lifestyle. This may seem like a luxury that only those with a little too much time on their hands engage in, but its actually the stressed and busy among us who can benefit the most from the stress-relieving qualities of the spa experience. Relaxing your body can lead to a relaxed mind, and both can help to reduce stress levels, which can bring a host of benefits. If you donât have the budget for a high-end spa, you can create a relaxing home spa experience for yourself. The following are some basic elements to include in creating a home spa experience that will melt away stress and leave you feeling pampered and relaxed. 7 Steps in a Relaxing Home Spa Privacy! Perhaps the most important part of the home spa experience is being sure you have some uninterrupted time for just you. If you have to hop out of the tub to circumvent a catastrophe with your toddler or answer a string of calls, you may end up feeling even tenser! Make arrangements for some uninterrupted solitude, let the phone go to voice mail, and prepare to indulge. Music. If you can arrange to have music in your bathroom, youâll be glad you did. The right soothing melodies can help melt away the stress and make you feel more removed from reality. If you live with others, the music can drown out household sounds that may remind you of everything else going on. This would take your attention away from the here and now of your home spa experience. Lighting. Youâd be surprised at how the right light can create a stress-relieving mood. Lighting the room with candles can fill the area with a soothing scent and create a very relaxing atmosphere. Bath Products. You can go a long way in creating a luxurious bath with a few helpful products. Lavender-scented bubble bath, for example, uses the power of aromatherapy to soothe you.Body scrubs are used in spas to exfoliate the skin, and can be used at home as well.Skin-moisturizing oils can be added to your bath to nourish your skin and make the pampered feeling last. Beauty Treatments. While youâre relaxing, you may as well get more beautiful! Putting a conditioning treatment in your hair and a purifying masque on your face can make your face and scalp feel good and leave you looking more beautiful afterward. Rubbing your dry skin with a loofah and scrubbing calloused feet with a pumice stone can be a little more work. Youâll love the results and it will only take a few minutes. After Tub Care. You may want to follow up after you get out of the tub by applying a rich conditioning cream to your skin and a coat of nail polish to your toes. Again, this will keep you feeling more pampered between spa treatments. You can look at your toes and be transported back to that soothing experience! Massage. You may think a home spa treatment canât include a massage, but it can! If you canât enlist the soothing hands of a partner, you can use a self-massager to do the same job. A massage can loosen up tight muscles, promote circulation and make you feel great. If youâre really in the mood to indulge, you can even hire a professional massage therapist to come to your house! A Few Spa-tastic Tips for Stress Relief Block off a specific amount of time for yourself. Sometimes busy people have a hard time just doing nothing because we can think of so many other things that need doing. If this break is scheduled to be a specific length, you may feel more entitled to simply enjoy it.Try to do this on a regular schedule, like once a week or twice a month. With repetition, you may see your spa time making a significant impact on your overall stress level!Donât feel guilty for taking some time for yourselfâ"you deserve it! Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-73106776394961013312020-05-24T09:08:00.001-07:002020-05-24T09:08:03.105-07:00Moreau Surname Meaning and Origin Moreau is a common surname in France that is found throughout the world, including the U.S. and Canada. Alternate surname spellings for Moreau includeà Morreau, Moreaux, Morreaux, Morault, Morrault, Moreault, Moreaud, Morreaud, Morault, Moraud, Morraud, Morot, Morrot, Merau, Maureau, Maure, Moro, and Moreault. Moreau Meaning The Moreau surname originated as a nickname for someone with dark skin. Itsà derived from the Old French word more, meaning dark-skinned, which in turn derives from the Phoenician mauharim, meaning eastern.à Where to Find Moreau as a last name can be found in countries all over the world.à Within the borders of France, Moreau isà most common in the Poitou-Charentes region of France, followed by Centre, Pays-de-la-Loire, Limousin, and Bourgogne. The Moreau surname was most commonly found in the northern part of France, as well as in Indre, Vendee,à Deux Sà ¨vres, Loire Atlantique, and Charente Maritime in central Franceà between 1891 and 1915. This generalà distribution held for successive decades, although Moreau was most common in Loire Atlantique between 1966 and 1990. Famous People Named Moreau Famous people with the last name Moreau include Jeanne Moreau, a legendary French actress who appeared in nearly 150 movies, including Jules and Jim and The Bride Wore Black. Auguste Francois Moreauà was a prominent Victorian and Art Nouveau sculptor. Gustave Moreau was a French symbolist painter, and Marguerite Moreau was an American actress. Moreau Family Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Moreau family crest or coat of arms for the Moreau surname.à Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.à Sources Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Paperback, 2nd edition, Puffin, August 7, 1984. Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Paperback, 1st Edition, Mercat Press, October 1, 2003. France of MOREAU between 1891 and 1915. Geopatryonyme. Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, January 1, 1998. Hanks, Patrick. A Dictionary of Surnames. Flavia Hodges, Oxford University Press, February 23, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. 1st Edition, Oxford University Press, May 8, 2003. Moreau. Forebears, 2019. Reaney, Percy H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, January 1, 2005, USA. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Paperback, Genealogical Publishing Company, December 8, 2009. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-44989562701819321462020-05-13T13:07:00.001-07:002020-05-13T13:07:03.490-07:00The Inequality Within Education With Sex And Gender This essay will examine the inequality in education that is present in our society in accordance with sex and gender. In recent years, females have been outperforming males in all subject areas. The term sex refers to the biological characteristics of a personââ¬â¢s body that makes them either male or female while gender refers to someone being masculine or feminine. (Stoller 1968, p.9) This essay will demonstrate why males are underachieving in the education system looking at it in terms of gender and sex differences and how they impact that. That will be followed by other factors affecting this result. Then, a few different perspectives on education will be looked at. In recent years as shown in the graph above, females have been outperforming males in education this has been causing inequality within education. In almost all subject areas females have a higher rate in having the required standards except for mathematics at key stage 2 in which the gender gap has been closed. The outperforming of females in the education system is caused by many reasons. The labour market for one has significantly changed. ââ¬Å"With the decline of heavy industry, the increase in service-sector work, the increasing employment of flexible part-time workers and workers fixed-term contracts have all increased employment opportunities for women.â⬠(Haralambos et al. 2004, p.769) When women notice that they have the opportunity to get employed and it is not as hard as it used to be they exert endlessShow MoreRelatedThroughout Centuries Gender Has Been A Social Construct1363 Words à |à 6 Pages Throughout centuries gender has been a social construct that enforc es gender norms and as a result, gender inequality was born. Gender inequality has prevailed and can be observed throughout most cultures, education, labor force, and in our own personal lives. At a very young age we are introduced to a gender identity based upon the sex we were born with. Girls are associated with the color pink, dolls, nurturing tendencies, and inclined to be more emotional. While boys are associated with theRead MoreInequality is a Fact of Life and Yet Condemned as an Offense to Civilized Society1253 Words à |à 5 PagesInequality is presumed to be a fact of life and condemned as an offence to civilised society. The debates associated with inequality have changed over time and have been portrayed in different contexts. Inequalities can be distinguished in terms of whether they are inequalities of opportunity, inequalities of outcome, inequalities of access or inequalities in entitlement (Platt 2011). Inequality is also differentiated as to whether they are just or unjust, avoidable or unavoidable, or naturally orRead MoreThe Construction And Experience Of Gender Inequality1395 Words à |à 6 Pagesexperience of gender inequality. Men and women are co nstantly analyzed, compared, and grouped together in society. The result of this yields discrepancies in how sexes are viewed by society. 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For example, women are weaker than men or women like to cook more than men or they are better caretakers. This discussion addresses major controversial stereotypes within medical schools and health institutions across America. For centuries women have faced the challenge of gender inequality within their medical education and profession. Different medical fields in schools, practices and institutions have different types of gender issues. For examp le, males areRead More Gender Inequality: Sex Discrimination in Employment Essay1617 Words à |à 7 Pages Gender equality is about equal opportunity for men and women to identify their individual potential. One must be able to benefit from their participation in society and contribute to the economic and social development of their country (Australian Government. 2009). Through multiple reviewed literature on gender inequality, the overall concept within many sociological readings was the way gender inequality socially relates to employment and careers. There are three separate themes thatRead MoreFemale Discrimination And Domestic Violence869 Words à |à 4 PagesArgument ABC Newsââ¬â¢ main argument throughout the reports was strongly about female discrimination in workplace and the cause of the issue. Inequality issues such as pay gap significantly affect female graduates. A report showed that some industries suffer a larger gender pay gap than others. The pay inequality was then argued to stem from a lack of women in Parliament. The lack of women representatives was witnessed to have a direct impact on workplace discrimination and domestic violence. Due to Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-50433521317270890042020-05-06T13:51:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:51:50.493-07:00Unification of Spain Free Essays Unification of Spain: the Good, the Bad, and the Really Ugly | Alexis Wilson | The Europeans wanted to expand their minds and their wealth with what the ââ¬Å"unknownâ⬠world had to ââ¬Å"offerâ⬠. When I say offer, I mean what they could take and run with without consequence. The Europeans wanted to ââ¬Å"exposeâ⬠and ââ¬Å"enlightenâ⬠the new world people with their religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Unification of Spain or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I say ââ¬Å"exposeâ⬠and ââ¬Å"enlightenâ⬠, I mean force the new world people to convert to Christianity or they would be slowly tortured to death or burned at the stake. Portugal, one of the all mighty Iberian Sates, was in a hard-hitting competition with Spain, another Iberian State. According to the textbook, Portugal was losing manpower and resources needed to control a vast empire of three continents. Spain on the other hand, depleted their newfound wealth on wars and other unnecessary things when they should have been developing their economy (Wallbank et al. 482). Portugal and Spain were battling for greatness, immortality if you will. They would have done anything to get it, even if it meant eradicating peoples and their cultures. Unfortunately, that was exactly what Portugal and Spain did. Spain and Portugal were trading across the ââ¬Å"knownâ⬠world. Spain exported olive oil, asparagus, conserved fish and more. That was how they received their funds and their power. The Iberian States had a general idea that there were more lands to discover and more money to make. So they set sail to discover and take over anything that were in their way, with their bibles in their pockets and swords in their hands, fueled by the desire of unthinkable wealth and power. According to Juan Pimentel, Portugal and Spain entered the sixteenth century with an advantage in nautical technology and navigation relative to other European nations (20). ââ¬Å"The overseas enterprises of Spain expanded dramatically following the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Even before this historic Atlantic crossing, Spaniards had begun the conquest of the Canary Islands which served as a base and proving ground for the invasion and conquest of Spanish America, known as the Indiesâ⬠(Andrien 55). Even though Christopher Columbus was not from Spain, he set sail for them because the King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain were the only ones that agreed to fund for the exploration that made Christopher Columbus famous, the exploration that Christopher Columbus dreamed of. ââ¬Å"Spain became strongly centralized under an assertive and aggressive monarchy in 1479, when Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon began a joint rule that united the Iberian Peninsula except for Navarre, Portugal, and Granadaâ⬠(Wallbank et al 455). Portugal was known as incredible competition relative to Spain. Columbus wanted to prove that he could find a shorter and cheaper way to sail to India and China by taking the unknown west route. While Columbus was looking for a shorter route to reach the country of India and China, he inadvertently discovered America. Columbus was oblivious to the fact that he ââ¬Å"discoveredâ⬠America, and he did not reach his intended destination of India. Columbus called the inhabitants ââ¬Å"Indiansâ⬠. He had his men capture the ââ¬Å"Indiansâ⬠and made them slaves. When Columbus came to America he came with diseases. The inhabitants did not have a strong enough immune system to fight off, which decimated the inhabitants of America. Even though the people were sick, it is safe to say that Columbus did not show mercy and still made the slaves work so he would be able to bring gold, spices and other new world items he promised to the King and Queen of Spain, in high hopes that they would fund for more explorations . He did not wish to disappoint the very people that invested in him. After ââ¬Å"discoveringâ⬠the diversity of the Indies, intellectuals of Spain argued over the humanity and proper social role of the indigenous people they have come to encounter and the offspring of the men that Columbus traveled and the women of the Americas. Intellectuals of Spain struggled with what to call the indigenous people and their illegitimate offspring. They were not sure whether or not to call them ââ¬Å"beastsâ⬠, ââ¬Å"barbariansâ⬠, or ââ¬Å"brothersâ⬠(Andrien 59). Columbus, being the pocketful of sunshine he is, forced the inhabitants to convert to Christianity to ensure that the land was for Spain, all of Spain practiced one religion. If the inhabitants did not agree to convert they severely punished, as mentioned before (Wallbank et al 482 ). The Catholic Majesties were smart to invest in Christopher Columbus. Without his exploration and ââ¬Å"discoveriesâ⬠of gold, slivers, spices and slaves, they would not have been able to replenish their wealth and rebuild the broken economy. Back in Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand is working on unifying Spain and sharing the crowns of Castile, Aragon and Spain (ââ¬Å"History of Spainâ⬠). Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon planned on making Spain the best it has ever been. They wanted their beloved country to be unified in everything they did, especially in religion. That is where the legendary Spanish Inquisition comes into action. The ââ¬Å"Catholic Majestiesâ⬠, as the pope titled King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, set out to establish effective royal control in all of Spain. Isabella and Ferdinand started the Spanish Inquisition, for the pope allowed. Not only did they have power over Spain, they had power over the church also. They were able to have power over the church by making it the law for the monarchs of Spain to have power over the church. The Spanish court of inquisition seized the property of many converters (Jews and Muslims who were afraid of the inquisition and avoided persecution) and terrified the Christian clergy and laity into accepting royal absolutism as well as religious orthodoxy (Wallbank et al 455). Not only did they force religion on the peoples of the new world, Isabella and Ferdinand forced religion on their own people as well, without mercy may I add. Spanish absolutism, defined by Isabella herself as ââ¬Å"one king, one law, one faithâ⬠(Wallbank et al 455). Terrified but still determined to practice their faith, the ââ¬Å"convertersâ⬠practiced their religion in secret. Without a doubt, the Spanish Inquisition strengthens the Spanish crown. It also caused many people to leave Spain. Inquisitors made sure the King and Queen of Spain knew that people where performing acts of heretic and suggested to the King and Queen of Spain all those who were unwilling to convert to Christianity must leave the country, needless to say they agreed and the Inquisitors went into action and rid the country of Spain of non-converters (Wallbank et al 455). In 1492, the same year Columbus set out to sail to India and China, about 150,000 Spanish Jews left the country and resided in the Netherlands, England, North Africa, and the Ottoman Empire (Wallbank et al 455). About 10 years later same demands are made for the Spanish Muslims. Spain used to be one the most tolerant of religions, but under the rule of the ââ¬Å"Catholic Majestiesâ⬠, Spain became the most intolerant country when it came to terms of religion (ââ¬Å"History of Spainâ⬠). King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella did not stop there. They set out to clear surrounding countries of non-converters and expand their empire even more. One of the most notable successes of the Catholic Majesties was the completion of the Reconquista with the defeat of Granada, the last Muslim state on the Iberian Peninsula in 1492. With a few more defeats of surrounding countries, the unification of the Spanish nation-state was complete in 1516, right before King Ferdinand died, a dozen years after queen Isabella died (Wallbank et al 456). In my opinion, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabellaââ¬Ës policies did work for them in the long run, in every sense. Do I agree on how they executed their plans for progressing Spain? No, I absolutely do not agree with the Catholic Majesties tactics. But, they reached every goal they set. Their goal was improving Spain and broadening their empire. With Isabella inheriting the crown of Castile and Ferdinand inheriting the crown of Aragon, the couple had a lot of power that made it possible for them fully convert and unify their empire (ââ¬Å"History of Spainâ⬠). In the textbook it explains that Ferdinand and Isabella controlled the church, with the grace of the Pope, and they took control of surrounding countries, rid them of non-converting heretics and converted them to Christianity. King Ferdinand fought against the non-converters until his dying breath (Wallbank et al 456). People lost their lives, their homes and the freedoms to express themselves and their religions because the King and Queen wanted to ââ¬Å"unifyâ⬠their country and empire. They wanted to do what the rulers before them were not be able to do. They were rough and ruthless in a sense to achieve their goals of expanding their country and spreading their religion. They had to be if they wanted their country to be unified and practicing one religion. I guess it is safe to say that they would agree with Machiavelliââ¬â¢s renowned book The Prince. ââ¬Å"It is better to be feared than to be lovedâ⬠¦the end justifies the meansâ⬠â⬠¦ (Machiavelliââ¬â¢s The Prince). Works Cited Andrien, Kenneth J. , Atlantic History: A critical Appraisal. New York. Oxford University Press. 2009. The Spanish Atlantic System. Print History of Spain Historyworld. net. N. p. n. d. History of Spain. Web. 10 Feb. 2013 Pimental, Juan. The Iberian Vision: Science and Empire in the framework of the universal monarchy, 1500-1800. Vol. 15 issue 1. 2000. Wallbank, Walter T, Alastair M. Taylor, Nels M. Bailkey, Clyde J. Lewis, Palmira Brummett. Civilizations Past and Present. Twelfth Edition. Volume 2. Pearson Education 2008. Spain: Ferdinand and Isabella and the Reconquista, The Iberian Age. Print. How to cite Unification of Spain, Papers Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-24004047835182638812020-05-05T00:06:00.001-07:002020-05-05T00:06:02.589-07:00Rough Italian Lessons free essay sample Growing up in a wealthy suburb of Chicago, my friends, siblings, and I have all had access to programs, schools, and really anything a child can want. My dad works hard to provide for my family, my mom is focused on making sure that we have great experiences to learn from, and to enjoy our childhoods. She also makes sure that we have the best education, and constantly brings to our attention different learning tools and supplements so that we can further our learning experience in this ever changing world. They were the perfect and dynamic duo that raised the perfect set of four children, ones that supported each other on the soccer field, have jobs and volunteer, and interact with surprising compatibility. We were always laughing, talking about something that just happened, a joke we just heard, or taking long bike rides through the forest preserves. Now entering my final year of high school, in the town I have spent half of my life, I have to apply to colleges, study hard, fight of f senioritis, and another factor, help out my mom and my brothers and sister, all younger than me, as we will be living in a house where one wrong move will send us into a two bedroom apartment, and my dad into an even smaller hotel room, because we have reached the turning point in our family unity. One the would forever change the family dynamic and alter the course of environment that my siblings would grow up in. My family hasnââ¬â¢t taken a family vacation, to see sights and experience new cultures, since the final two wonderful siblings were added to our family, eleven years ago. With my interest in language in culture, and think logically and make informed decisions, we decided to visit Italy, the main benefactor of genes and tradition in my dadââ¬â¢s side of the family. The plan was to leave dad home to work, travel to Rome, and visit the sights and get a feel for the county for the week, then have dad, who frequented the country quite a bit as a teen and young adult, meet up with us in Tuscany, where we would see the countryside as a family. A week into our discoveries of quaint towns and happiness in a farmhouse on a mountain in southern Tuscany, when by freak accident, my parents thrust their relationship and our uncertain futures on the line. My dad, who had a loving family, a nice house, and a stable job, even after having been laid off once, and found new work in a different working environment, had thrown away all that he had, that was almost a given to have in our position, so that he could get rushes of adrenaline that could keep him appeased, as though what great happiness he had wasnââ¬â¢t enough. His infidelities, and cruel, emotionally entangling impromptu meetings in plain sight of friends and the whole town, had thrown a hatchet into our perfect family, and the wound was so deep, that it is impossible to heal. As it was impossible to live in the same vicinity during the immediate aftermath of these shocking events, dad went home to pack up, as it was an agreement between the two to have space to work things out, and it threw the kids into shock. I inherited the ability to keep a cool head in any given situation, so I immediately threw my rescuer gear into hyper-drive. My mom, in the proximal days, was a wreck, and was it was nearly impossible to console her. I took it upon myself, however, to make the most of our trip, as it was likely to be the last that we could take for the foreseeable future. We traveled to Florence, and had the marvelous pizza, spent time in festivals and events around the towns in our area, and had a ball, given the situation. Nighttime would come, and mom would cry herself to sleep, the empty side of the bed a constant reminder of the awful events that tore apart our family. I, along with the help of the kids, kept her occupied and happy during that last week, as i t was sure to be the last memory of fun that sat in the minds of the kids. We tried to get home a week early, so that damage control could be assessed, and on the plane ride home, separated by 10 rows from the nearest family member, it hit me. From the time that plane touched down on the tarmac, my life would be changed forever. No more would I come home from school and have two smiling, loving parents to greet me, help me with my physics lab, or plan a date for my girlfriend. A wave of heat flushed over me, knowing that the only time I would see my parents, and my family together, was in court and the weekly transfer from Dad to Mom and vice versa, an image that had been so deeply ingrained into my head, Dad and Mom, Mom and Dad, together until the day they die, forever loving, forever joined by the sacred bond they shared together up on that altar in North Carolina. From that moment forward, I was determined to become a better person, a better student, a better brother, friend, son, and rescuer, because no one should have to experience the pain that rips families apart. I can only grow stronger from this experience, tasting happiness, having it taken away, and now my journey is to build myself and others a happy new life, one that I wonââ¬â¢t squander away, like my father. Already, I have learned that nothing is permanent, nothing is a given, and I want to make sure that I provide the best by doing my best, in college, at my job, and until my last breath, because nothing is forever, nothing is guaranteed to last, so we can only make the absolute best with what weââ¬â¢ve got, and forever how long we have it. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-35176326926580192692020-03-30T19:06:00.001-07:002020-03-30T19:06:03.017-07:00Discuss how Carol Ann Duffy and Sheenagh Pugh explore Essay ExampleDiscuss how Carol Ann Duffy and Sheenagh Pugh explore Paper The concept of journey is one which pervades much of both Carol Ann Duffys and Sheenagh Pughs poetry, in literal and allegorical terms. Various devices and imagery are used in order to convey this concept, having varying effects on the reader, which will be analysed in the subsequent paragraphs.à The theme of travelling is present in Originally by Duffy, in which physical translocation (specifically emigration) is depicted through such nouns as country, emigration, and accent, and such verbs as rushed back, fell through, and leaving you standing. The latter phrase features two present continuous verbs, suggesting a sense of progression which contradicts the actual meaning of the verb standing, which functions as an adjective, communicating a lack of movement. This dichotomy reflects Duffys own unease regarding her own relocation during her childhood, in which she moved from Glasgow, Scotland to Stafford, England when she was six years old. This had a profound effect on her poetry, with references to travel palpable not only in the current poem but also in others like In Mrs Tilschers Class (You ran through the gates, impatient to be grown), Who Loves You (travelling in those mystical machines,) River (At the turn of the river the language changes), The Way My Mother Speaks (The train this slow evening / goes down England), and In Your Mind (The other country). We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss how Carol Ann Duffy and Sheenagh Pugh explore specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss how Carol Ann Duffy and Sheenagh Pugh explore specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss how Carol Ann Duffy and Sheenagh Pugh explore specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Moreover, enjambment is utilised throughout the poem; for example,à Do I only / think / I lost a river, culture, speech in order to visually represent flow, reflecting the physical sense of movement in a journey. However, use of enjambment (often followed by caesura) also interrupts the meaning of the lines since the words are not contained on one line therefore their meanings are spread across multiple lines, forming another dichotomy like the aforementioned one. These two dualities convey to the reader that there are two sides to every journey: the positivity and optimism of a new journey, and the negativity and regret of leaving ones past behind. The reader responds to this by perceiving the emotional qualities of the concept of journey and perhaps relate Duffys experiences onto their own, thus they begin to identify more with Duffys poetic explorations of journey; because, as has been stated, Duffy features journey in her work often, the readers identification with the concept makes her considerably more accessible, and so her non-journey-related social commentaries are more likely to be read and explored by the reader. There are several references to travelling in In Mrs. Tilschers Class, includingà You could travel up the Blue Nile, which features the modal verb could to demonstrate the vast array of possibilities individuals have appertaining travel in the modern world. This builds an aura of wonder and mental fantasy as the reader imagines where they could travel, reflecting the wonder children experience whilst learning in school. Proper nouns, namely, Tana. Ethiopia. Khartoum. Aswan also convey this sense of endless potential voyages. However, as is often the case with her work, Duffy intentionally limits this effect by only referring to locations in Africa, since Tana is in Ethiopia, Khartoum in Sudan, and Aswan in Egypt. This makes the reader reconsider whether travel is really worthwhile; this is of course poignant bearing in mind Duffys own experience with travel, because, at such a young age, moving miles away from home is an anxious event, thus Duffy is warning readers to truly evaluate relocation due to its potential psychologically traumatic effects. A somewhat inverted sentiment is expressed in Pughs Birmingham Navigation graffiti, in which she includes adjectives like smoke-blackened, lurid, jaundiced and gangrenous to depict the dilapidated state of Birmingham. Pugh does so to communicate her disdain for Birmingham, where she grew up but later moved away from. Unlike Duffy who warns against relocation, Pugh is positive that she moved away from her birthplace; for example, the fact that the noun graffiti is in lower-case is intended to chastise the overly prominent visual pollution, which no doubt galvanised Pughs strong dislike for big cities. While Duffy expresses a rather mono-faceted opinion of travel, Pughs is more ambiguous; she is in favour of counter-urban (that is, rural) travel, but not urban travel. In the second stanza, You see precedes space, followed by a new line, suggesting that visitors to Birmingham struggle to find anything aesthetically worthwhile to comment on. Pugh then completes the sentence, with towns backsides which portrays the view of industrialised towns highly negatively, since the noun backside is usually associated with faeces. This evocative imagery makes the reader picture the forsaken state of the city, so they are more likely to align with Pughs disdainful view. The concept of physical journey is typical in many of Pughs poems, for example she includes Scandanavian proper nouns often in the collection, What a Place to Grow Flowers in the titles of such poems as Men growing flowers: Hveragerdi, Ingthor the chanter, The flute-playing at Skalholt and Going back to Hlidarendi and also refers to travel in the Earth Studies collection in such poems as After I came back from Iceland (When I got back to Heathrow) and Harbours (over the glittering road you should have gone to your true harbour). Disillusion with the aesthetically disappointing state of Britain during the highly-industrialised, Thatcher-run 80s influenced Pugh to travel abroad and write about the liberating effects of foreign journey, and her evocative language and simile such as how breathing was like drinking cold water encourages readers to travel abroad to enjoy these experiences. In In Mrs. Tilschers Class the number of travel-related ideas diminishes as the poem progresses, conveying, in her eyes, the lack of imagination and exploration the children in the poem face as they grow up. This links strongly to the theme of maturity.à Running parallel to the theme of physical journey is that of journey from innocence and youth to knowledge and maturity, which is explored in Religion 1, wherein the transition from nescience to knowledge is depicted through the subtle sexual reference of,à some thing / well-shaped; uncommon; fashioned to their liking. Needless to say, this is a reference to temptation in the Garden of Eden in the Genesis story of Adam and Eve, and the use of the nonspecific adverb some suggests lack of knowledge, which is antithetical to the subsequent knowledge they experience; the verb know (present in the subsequent poem in Selected Poems, History 1) can mean, in a Biblical sense, copulate, thus this is a subtle reference to sexual maturity a nd discovery. Unlike in many of her earlier works, predominantly those in Standing Female Nude such as Oppenheims Cup and Saucer and Girlfriends, Duffy similarly uses subtle references to sexual maturity in In Mrs. Tilschers Class in which she mentions inky tadpoles which can be interpreted as a metaphor for sperm cells, which resemble tadpoles. This symbolism conveys the growing childrens sexual maturity, and in the context of the poem which intends to paint a picture of every readers experience of growing up and school-life through use of the generic second-person pronoun, you, how sexual maturity is an integral part of growing up. Dissimilar to in Originally, this poem uses less enjambment and more full-stops and commas at the ends of lines; this is significant since the former poem is primarily about a literal journey, and the latter a figurative journey, therefore the diminished presence of enjambment suggests that growing up is a less smooth-flowing journey than relocation. This makes reader more likely to identify with this poem because everyone experiences adolescence but not everyone relocation, so Duffys work is more appreciated and, as has been mentioned, her social messages are reached by a wider audience. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-8347716619541436722020-03-07T14:29:00.001-08:002020-03-07T14:29:02.298-08:00Causes and Preconditions for the Industrial RevolutionCauses and Preconditions for the Industrial Revolution Historians may disagree on most aspects of the Industrial Revolution, but one thing they do agree on is that 18th-century Britain experienced a huge change in the economic field of goods, production and technology, and the social sphere (through urbanization and treatment of workers). The reasons for this change continue to fascinate historians, leading people to wonder if there was a set of preconditions present in Britain shortly before the Revolution which enabled or allowed it to take place. These preconditions tend to cover population, agriculture, industry, transport, trade, finance, and raw materials. Preconditions for Industrialization in Britain Circa 1750 Agriculture: As a supplier of raw materials, the agricultural sector was closely linked to the industrial; this was the main source of occupation for the British population. Half of the arable land had been enclosed, while half remained in the medieval open field system. The British agricultural economy produced a large surplus of food and drink and had been labeled the Granary of Europe because of its exports. However, production was labor-intensive. Although there had been some new crops introduced, and there were problems with underemployment. Consequently, people had multiple occupations. Industry: Most industries were small scale, domestic and local, but traditional industries could meet the domestic demands. There was some inter-regional trade, but this was limited by poor transport. The key industry was wool production, bringing in a substantial portion of Britainââ¬â¢s wealth, but this was coming under threat from cotton. Population: The nature of the British population has implications for the supply and demand for food and goods, as well as the supply of cheap labor. The population had increased in the earlier part of the 18th century, especially closer to the middle of the era, and was mostly located in rural areas. The people were gradually accepting of social change and the upper and middle classes were interested in new thinking in science, philosophy. and culture. Transport: Good transport links are seen as a basic requirement for the Industrial Revolution, as the transport of goods and raw materials were essential for reaching wider markets. Generally, in 1750, transport was limited to poor quality local roads - a few of which were turnpikes, toll roads which improved speed but added cost - rivers, and coastal traffic. While this system was limited, interregional trade did occur, such as coal from the north to London. Trade: This had developed during the first half of the 18th century both internally and externally, with a great deal of wealth coming from the triangle slave trade. The main market for British goods was Europe, and the government maintained a mercantilist policy to encourage it. Provincial ports had developed, such as Bristol and Liverpool. Finance: By 1750, Britain had begun to move towards capitalist institutions - which are considered part of the development of the Revolution. The produce of trade was creating a new, wealthy class prepared to invest in industries. Groups like the Quakers have also been identified as investing in areas which contributed to the industrial boom. Raw Materials: Britain had the raw resources necessary for a revolution in plentiful supply. Although they were being extracted in abundance, this was still limited by traditional methods. In addition, the related industries tended to be nearby because of poor transport links, exerting a pull on where industry occurred. Conclusions Britain in 1870 had the following which has all been stated as necessary for an Industrial Revolution: good mineral resources, growing population, wealth, spare land and food, ability to innovate, laissez-faire government policy, scientific interest, and trading opportunities. Around 1750, all of these began to develop simultaneously. The result was a massive change. Causes of the Revolution As well as the debate over preconditions, there has been a closely-related discussion over the causes of the revolution. A wide range of factors is generally considered to have worked together, including: The end of medieval structures changed economic relationships and allowed for change.A higher population because of less disease and lower infant mortality allows for a larger industrial workforce.The Agricultural Revolution frees people from the soil, allowing - or driving - them into cities and manufacturing.Proportionally large amounts of spare capital were available for investment.Inventions and the scientific revolution allowed for new technology to increase and cheapen production.Colonial trade networks allowed the import of materials and the export of manufactured goods.The presence of all the required resources close together, such as coal near iron.Culture of hard work, risk-taking, and the development of ideas.Demand for goods. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-32097912840059196512020-02-20T05:55:00.001-08:002020-02-20T05:55:03.665-08:00Smart City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsSmart City - Essay Example identifies that majority of these individuals still live in slums (2011). Comparatively, although cities only occupy 2 to 3 percent of the total earthââ¬â¢s surface, they are responsible for about 75 percent of carbon secretions and 80 percent of the total energy consumption (Haftor, Mirijamdotter & Bradley, 2010). It is thus in this context that, to be livable in the future, cities require efficient urbanization plans with a huge emphasis placed on the concepts of sustainability, smart, and livability. Essentially, there are various factors which characterize and define Smart Cities. According to Sanseverino, these factors include smart economy, sustainability, smart mobility, economic development, smart people, a high quality of life and smart governance among others (2014). Thus, these factors are essential for the improvement of lives of individuals residing in cities. It is worth noting that these factors can be enhanced through the appropriate and effective use of infrastructure, Information Computer Technology (ICT), as well as social capital (Galbraith, 2014). As such, a Smart City creates an environment that not only presents the residents with numerous opportunities to be tapped, but also a broad range of actions and activities as embraced in its voluminous definitions. According to Giffinger, et al., a Smart City can be defined as ââ¬Å"an innovative cityâ⬠which makes use of ICTs and other strategies to increase urban competition, improve efficiency in the service s offered and improve the general quality of city life (2007). It is however worth noting that in order to achieve this, it is important to not only meet the needs of the present generation but also the future generations. Notably important, there are six important dimensions that are key to the creation of a Smart City. These dimensions can be identified as smart mobility, smart economy, smart people, smart environment, smart governance Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-83823422893289605772020-02-04T17:17:00.001-08:002020-02-04T17:17:03.146-08:00Philosophers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsPhilosophers - Research Paper Example According to Bennabi, religion is important if the equation Man + Soil + Time = Civilization(Benlahcene, 2013). He argued that Man was at the center of the process of civilization and that without him, the other elements would not hold. In line with verse 13:11 of the Quran, he also argued that to change the society, Muslims must first seek to change their spiritual condition. Bennabiââ¬â¢s philosophy was based on a deep understanding of Islam not just as a religion, but also as a civilization. He sought to philosophically explain the origins of the decline of Islam and propose solutions. His early life in a devout Islamic family had prepared him for such a mission. Ibn Khaldun is largely considered the most important philosopher and scholar in Muslim History(Rapoport, 2011). Ibn Khaldun was born to a wealthy family in 1332. He received a traditional education. His first teacher was his father, a scholar who avoided politics even though he came from a ruling family. Then, under different scholars, he memorized the Quran and learned Arabic grammar, Hadith, philology, rhetoric, jurisprudence and poetry. Ibn Khaldun pursued studies until the age of nineteen when a major plague struck the country. After the plague, Ibn Tafrakin, the ruler of Tunis, hired Khaldun as the seal bearer of the rulerââ¬â¢s captive, Sultan Abu lshaq. This appointment set the stage for Khaldunââ¬â¢s political career. In a work known as the Muqaddima, translated ââ¬Å"The Introduction to Historyâ⬠, Khaldun offers a synthesis of the methodological and cultural knowledge that an effective historian must possess. In the book, he presents a cyclical model of how dynasties evolved in the ancient world (Rapoport, 2011). First, tribal ties were very strong and played an important role in the formation of new empires in the ancient Arab world. He posited that it was the Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-78980356711270060462020-01-27T13:40:00.001-08:002020-01-27T13:40:07.212-08:00The Palm Oil Industry In Malaysia Economics EssayThe Palm Oil Industry In Malaysia Economics Essay INTRODUCTION Summary of Research Palm oil also known as Elaeis guineensis. Palm oil is derived from the pulp, and it can be found from African palm. There are so many uses of palm oil, such as edible oil, soaps, candles, cosmetic and chocolates. The colour of palm oil usually red colored, it is because of content of palm oil. The red coloured content with two types of carotene, there are à à °-carotene and ÃŽà ²-carotene. a-carotene contents with 30mg per 100 g, and ÃŽà ²-carotene contents with 30mg together with Vitamin E. Usually ÃŽà ²-carotene already removed and become a pale oil. Three content of pale oil, saturated vegetable fats, mono-saturated and the last one is polyunsaturated. Besides that, other than red colored of palm oil, there are yellowish-white colors and also known as palm kernel oil. It can be use to make a margarine and cosmetics. 1.1.2 Palm Oil History Palm oil has been found in West African countries. This palm oil is good to make cooking oil. The uses of palm oil that been introduced by West African and has attracted the European merchants to make an international trade between this two country in order to purchased palm oil. Ashanti Empire or Ashanti Confederacy plants a large amount of oil palm trees, while the King of Kingdom of Dahomey forbid whoever person from cutting the palm oil trees. This uses of palm oil have been attracted the Britains Industrial. And the value of palm oil increased because of the demand from British Traders. Besides that, palm oil also can make soap, for example, Sunlight Soap and the Palmolive brand. A country such as Ghana and Nigeria becomes a primary export from West African but in year 1880 this export of palm oil was overtaken by cocoa. 1.1.3 Research of palm oil in Malaysia. Research and development (RD) began to expand the oil palm breeding in 1960s. This activities implemented after the establishing the Malaysias Department of Agriculture. The government also provided a college to train society how to plant palm oil. For example, the government established Kolej Serdang and now become Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM). This university encouraged the graduates student to conduct research related to the palm oil. Malaysia. In year 1979, government established Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM). This institute support from UPM and B.C Sekhar as a founder and chairperson also support Porim to be a coordinated institution. Porim also giving the opportunities to society especially the scientist to do RD related to the uses of palm oil. In year 2000, Porim changed to Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB). Nowadays MPOB become well known at the international country. 1.1.4 Bright future of palm oil in Malaysia Few years ago, the income from palm oil production has become the big contribution to Malaysias Economy. Because of the income gain from palm oil, many palm oil companies can give the employee bonuses every year. Besides that, oil palm shareholders also get the benefit of selling the palm oil. Industry of palm oil said that, the price of palm oil will maintain every year depends on the economic condition. Because of production of palm oil has contributed to Malaysias economy, the changes of palm oil prices in Malaysia always published in newspapers. It is good for rural area, because rural areas are the biggest hectares in palm oil plantation. As we know, price of palm oil influenced by the production of palm oil, import and export, and then global economic condition. If the global economic become more slowdown, it will the major fact that the importer will less confident to the production of the palm oil in our country. If the prices of palm oil decrease, we can replant back the palm and reducing supply. This can help the prices of palm oil increase back. Besides that, nowadays, many new developments in technologies also can increases the production of palm oil. 1.2 Problem Statement Price of palm oil always fluctuated depends 4 factors. The 4 factors are production of palm oil, export of palm oil, consumption of palm oil, and land area in plantation of palm oil. The problem of this research is difficult to seek the data in internet. To find this data, we must find it at statistic department besides of UMS. 1.3 Research objective This research has an objective that to find a factor that influence the price of palm oil in Malaysian palm oil market. After find the factor, we must find the relationship between this four factors to the prices of palm oil. to find this relationship, we must test it one by one using econometric. 1.4 Significance of the research Researcher This research suitable for the researchers who wants to gain knowledge and information about palm oil in Malaysia. All this information gather from internet, journal, and by result from E-Views. So all society especially researcher will gain knowledge on the study about determinant of the price of palm oil in Malaysia. Palm Oil Industry The palm oil companies also can get benefit from this research by knowing the factor that will influence the price of palm oil respectively. If palm oil companies already knew what the factor can influence the price of palm oil, the palm oil companies increased the export of palm oil and our country also can get higher income because of the production of palm oil. Labor Study Labor can know what are the big factor that can influence the price of palm oil, and then can their can increase performance in terms of work quality and many more. 1.5 Scope and Limitation of the study The scope of this study is around Malaysia and the data collected on production of palm oil, export of palm oil, consumption of palm oil, and plantation of palm oil in land area (hectares). This data from year 1980 to 2009, involved 29 years. The data for 2010 also hard to find because year 2010 is not finished yet. So the data for 2010 is not stated yet. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW The previous study has been made to understand the impact of palm oil based-biodiesel demand on palm oil prices (Ramli; Roslan and Ayatollah, K 2007). Nowadays biodiesel has become an important fuel to our society. It is because of the growing concern for the environment. Demand for the biodiesel has become higher, and that effect to the amount of palm oil that we can get in the market that putting its prices increased sharply since July 2006. That days, the prices of palm oil influenced by the stock, supply, production. From July 2006 onwards, biofuel become a serious fuel of his renewable production. Biodiesel mainly from palm has increased the demand and altered the economics of palm oil. This study using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). This method has been proven to forecast from July 2006 to end 2007 to forecast the prices of palm oil. Supporting to this journal, the prices of petroleum and vegetable oil down to be moving slowly together. (Anna Awad, Fatimah, 2009). This previous studies have been made to find the long term relationship the prices of crude oil and vegetable oil. They were using the Engle-Granger two-stage to do the method. This study use data over the period from January 1983 to March 2008. The two products show the result of the strong evidence of a long relationship. Began in the 1970s until 21 century, the price for all commodities increased between January 2000 and March 2008. The increased of the prices caused by the increased petroleum price more than 300%, while food prices increased 107% during the same period and vegetables oil increased of 192%. Besides that,(Mohd Nasir, 2003) said that Malaysia is the largest producer and Indonesia is the second largest producer. This two country is the exporter where they contribute 89.6% of palm oil trade in the world and 83.5 % of production. They also export crude palm oil (CPO) and other than that processed palm oil (PPO). The Malaysia exporting quantities of CPO increased from 0.4 million tones to 1.3 million tones in 2000 and 2001, followed by exports of Indonesian CPO increased from 1.8 to 2.0 million tones. Both countries also contributed PPO which is the larger share of palm products. CPO and PPO in Malaysian were lower than Indonesia in 2001 and 2002. Both countries products imposed by the tariffs with the objectives initially raising revenue. For example, in Malaysia is to encouraging down stream while for Indonesia it reflected to consumer down. Both countries have been imposed taxes on export, and there is a difference way the exports duty payable. (Ahmad Borhan and Mohd Arif, 2009) said that the prices of palm oil and it comprises crude palm oil and processed palm oil is a strong indicator of the level of palm oil stock. The stock of palm oil has been hovered around 1 million tones. With this amount, the volume has become the psychological which prices tend to be increased and decreased. The end of stock fully depends on the export of palm oil and its production. While local usage and import play smaller roles. The Malaysian palm oil industry has estimated that 1.8 million tones could become the new level of palm oil stock. But it all depends on change in the demand and supply factors. (James, 2008) said that the prices of crude palm oil (CPO) has a strong relationship with stock according to the conventional economics. The economics of oils and fats had changed in the last two years, that cause both prices and rising in tandem according to traditional economic theory. Because of created the new role played by biodiesel, the strong signs of a linkages also created. The palm oil prices should take into one account of two factors, the petroleum price and the amount of oil stocks. The price band can determines by prices of petroleum. While the stocks can show high or low palm oil prices. Malaysias economic development has indeed been impressive by the contribution of the palm oil industry. (Sabri, Salmiah,Faizah and Nik Abdullah, 2008). It also changing the market trends and rapid development and has continued to pose challenge. The development of oil and fats industry are provides and has undergone in terms of world balance. In the previous journal, (Mohd Basri, Mohd Arif, and Jamil, 2008) long time ago, the prices of palm oil have been increased, especially to the supply and demand of fats and oil. But since mid 2006, spikes have become more sustained. Besides that, spikes also been attributed to the supply and demand of edible oils and fats and also to the increasing demand for the fuel. Because of the increased of palm oil, the demand curve shifted to the right. The prices of oils have been increased slightly. (Ayat K Faizah, Ramli Abdullah and Nurul Hufaidah, 2007) study on how to examines volatility spill over. The study focus on between the domestic prices of palm oil and what major factor to the prices volatility. From the research, palm oil has moderate price volatility. And effort should be made to sustained the price of crude palm oil (CPO) to minimize volatility in other prices caused of the prices of (CPO) become a price leader among the other palm oil products. There was a model to develop to forecast prices of palm oil products in domestic. (Ramli and Mohd Alias, 2006). Malaysia also known the worlds biggest exporter of the palm oil and associated with palm oil. Because of the largest exporter the world, it become important for the country to lead the commoditys production and its price and can be used to determine the country revenue or in process of decision making. The objective of this paper is to analyses them econometrically and to forecast. The paper forecast that in the future, the production of palm oil can increased. By 2020, the production of palm oil can reach 22 million tones. Prices of palm oil also can fluctuate but in the future, its amount of prices increasing gradually. (Basri; Mohd Fauzi; Mohd Noor Mamat and Rosli, 2007) analyses the impact of lifting the export tax on Malaysian crude palm oil. Firstly, the equation is developed, especially on processed palm oil (PPO) and crude palm oil (CPO). The study comes out with the conceptual model of the Malaysian palm oil market model, such as the palm oil supply, oil palm area, imports and exports of palm oil products, domestic consumption, domestic price relationship and stocks According to (Ahmad Borhan, Faizah, Mohd Arif, Norhanani, 2006), said that oilmeals, such as Soyabean meal (SBM) especially an animal feed competes with Malaysian palm kernel expeller (PKE). The competition exists among this two company because of the competitive price. The increasing production also will affect the condition of Malaysian PKE. Future development of the Malaysian PKE depends to world livestock market. (Ahmad Borhan, Mohd Noor, Mohd Arif, Norhanani, 2007) said that, the commodity trade will effected by the local demand and also become the risk to the physical commodity. The forecasting method need to apply to forecast the price of palm oil in the future. Hedging can be improved by using the expected trends. The behavior of crude palm oil (CPO) can be determined by doing this work. This work also compared the forecasting CPO in Malaysia. It was introduced in 1980 and become the price discovery for hedging in pegged the prices. Good based can be determine by processing of price discovery especially on its demand and supply. Through arbitrage, the future price of palm oil is realized in terms of aggregate level. (Fatimah, etal, 1994) using Box Jenkins technique, forecasting method, can predict the palm oil futures prices whether to perform better or not. According to (Faizah, Ayat K, Mohd Nasir, 2006) fluctuate export markets and prices due to the current economic. Because of this, government giving full attention the price of export demand. The good demanded will be present by the price elasticity of demanded. Besides that, the demand for exports can predict by looking for export demand elasticity. Malaysian becomes largest share in the export and this export elasticity is important to estimates in order to maintain the production of palm oil. Only the changes of the prices of palm oil will have a big effect to the export of palm oil. Recently, the edible oils and fats has become substitutability products. Malaysian palm oil can be influence by the number of factor, and its the most important to structure the international market. Palm oil prices will compete with other, for example edible oils and make the palm oil prices significant. It was said by (A B, Ma, Chow, H Hamdan, Choo, 2006) every country depends on the energy and this energy becomes a key factor to country to develop in the future. Oil palm industry has been build factory to generate steam and from electricity. In our country, there were 395 factories that processing 84 million tones fruit in year 2005. (Yusof, Mohd Arif, 2005) found that, palm oil such as an export oriented commodity is not easy to predict in the future. It involves investigating the past performance of the palm oil. They make an overview about the palm oil industry, about the background, recently and in the future development. Long time ago, production of palm oil is lowest among the soyabean oil and animal oils. But, recently the production of palm oil is the number two in our country and the production exceed 29 million tones follow by soyabean oil and animal oils. It is expected that palm oil production can reach 37.15 million tonnes in 2020. This production of palm oil will contribute to world oils. Malaysia become the largest producer in the world and try to maintain the position in producing 42% tonnes to the world demand of palm oil. Conceptual Framework Independent variable Dependent var. Factor/supporting Price of palm oil Relationship Production (supply) Export Consumption Land area (Hectares) Independent variable There are 4 factors that influence the price of palm oil. There are production (supply), export, consumption and land area in hectares. This independent variable also can support the price of palm oil. Production can influences the prices of palm oil by the supply in the market, the more supply in the market, the more it can influences the prices of palm oil. It means that, if the supply exceeds the demand of the market, many unit of production are waste because of the demand not equal to the unit of production in the market. So to increase the demand in the market, firm can reduces prices of the production in order to attract the demand of the market. Low prices of the production can increased the demand of the production in the market. Export also can influences the prices of palm oil in the market by having a export more than import in the market can make a country deficit in terms of profit. Same like production, but export trade in other country and make an international business in order to gain profit. If have much demand in palm oil from other country, it means that, we should export more to achieved the demand from other country. From this situation, our country can take advantages to increase the prices of palm oil respectively. Consumption also can influences the prices of palm oil. It depends on how the consumer fully utilized the use of palm oil. If the consumer already knew the use of the palm oil, easy to them to know how important the palm oil in our society. Because of that, the consumer will ask for the palm oil and directly increased the demand for palm oil. Other than that, land area of plantation also can influences the prices of palm oil. If we plant more trees of palm oil in land, we are producing more palm oil in the market. If the supply of the palm oil in the market exceed than demand, than many surplus to that product. So to overcome this problem, firm must reduced the prices of palm oil to attract consumer to buy the palm oil. But it is good to the firm if the demand more than supply, then the firm can increased the price of palm oil in order to gain profit. Dependent variable The price of palm oil is depending to this four factor, this four factor can influences the prices of palm oil whether wants to increased or decreased. CHAPTER THREE DATA AND METHODOLOGY LEAST SQUARE METHOD (SINGLE REGRESSION) and (MULTIPLE REGRESSION) The framework developed in this study is drawn both from econometric method (which is based on the economic theory) and the system dynamics approach. This section discusses the econometric model using least square method. Its to correlate and examine the relationships among dependent variable and independent variable. It is a economic theory form with statistical methods. Factor determinants of prices of palm oil in Ringgit Malaysia (RM). consists of 4 factor that influence the price of palm oil, there are production (supply), export in tones, consumption of palm oil and land area of plantation of palm oil in hectares. The first step is finding time series data from 1980 to 2009, which influence the price of palm oil to make a research and then describe it according to the econometric model. To regress the econometric model we must use the data which influence the prices of palm oil. So this 4 factor is the important data to make a research. After regress, we can identify relationship between dependent and independent variables. These 4 factor also known as independent variable and price of palm oil also known as dependent variable which price of palm oil depend on this 4 independent variable whether to increase or decrease. The prices of palm always fluctuate depend on this 4 independent variable. To test this independent variable had a relationship between prices or not, the econometric model by using least square method use to test one by one of this independent variable whether this independent variable has a relationship between dependent variable. But before regress, we must test the variable using unit root test to make sure the probability below 0.05. This is because, we must make all variable significant before regress the data and know what difference we should use before regress data. After that, we log the data to make all data less problem in autocorrelation and less problem in multicollinearity. After test this econometric model, we look to the T-statistics, R-squared, Durbin-Watson stat. if t- stat are less than 2, this means that there is no relationship between independent variable and dependent variable and also known as is not significant. If more than 2, there is a relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. After test one by one, we should regress all dependent variable using multiple regress because of explanatory variable is more than one to check whether all independent variable significant or not. 3.1.1 Collecting of Data Primary Data Using the previous journal and summarize that journal to give the information about this research. CHAPTER 4 4.1 RESULT AND FINDINGS Unit root test Unit root test of price of palm oil using first difference to make the data stationary. Null Hypothesis: D(PRICE) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 4 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=7) t-Statistic à à Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -2.998437 à 0.0493 Test critical values: 1% level -3.737853 5% level -2.991878 10% level -2.635542 Graph of Price Explanation. As we can see graph above, the price of palm oil is fluctuated, but recently, the prices of palm oil increased and then drop back. Unit root test of production using first difference to make the data stationary Null Hypothesis: D(PDC) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=5) t-Statistic à à Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -3.998301 à 0.0047 Test critical values: 1% level -3.689194 5% level -2.971853 10% level -2.625121 Graph of Production Explanation. The production of palm oil in our country decreased every year because of other competition from Indonesia. Our country compete with Indonesia in terms of production because last time Indonesia is a second largest producer in the world and recently, Indonesia already becomes the world largest producer in the world follow by Malaysia. So our country production of palm oil decreased because of world demand has two choices to import the palm oil. Unit root test of land using first difference to make the data stationary Null Hypothesis: D(LAND) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=7) t-Statistic à à Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -4.664706 à 0.0009 Test critical values: 1% level -3.689194 5% level -2.971853 10% level -2.625121 Graph of Land Explanation. The hectares of land in our country also increased year by year because of people already know that plant palm oil can make bulk of profit to them. Besides that, the planters increased the hectares of plantation because government enhances them to plant the palm oil by giving them awareness and so on. Unit root test of export using first difference to make the data stationary Null Hypothesis: D(EXP01) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=3) t-Statistic à à Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -3.609207 à 0.0121 Test critical values: 1% level -3.689194 5% level -2.971853 10% level -2.625121 Graph of Export Explanation. Our export in our country also decreased year by year, it is related to our production in our country. This is because of Indonesia also export the palm oil in the world. So the world demand has two choices whether wants to import from Indonesia or our country. Unit root test of consumption using first difference to make the data stationary Null Hypothesis: D(CNSPTN) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on AIC, maxlag=7) t-Statistic à à Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -4.569870 à 0.0011 Test critical values: 1% level -3.689194 5% level -2.971853 10% level -2.625121 Graph of Consumption Explanation. Our consumption in our country also decreased in our country. Single regression Least square method-POPt=+bX Between dependent variable and independent variable Variable C Std-error T-stat R-Squared DW-stat Prob D1LNPROD 0.329321 0.177300 1.85 0.113301 1.751273 0.0742 D1LNEXP 0.855506 0.254039 3.36 0.295760 1.816493 0.0023 D1LNCONS 0.171866 0.270477 0.63 0.021939 1.704933 0.5332 D1LNLAREA 0.097365 0.389766 0.24 0.678609 0.571303 0.8046 TABLE ONE Analysis of data: Used e-view to regress and estimation using Ordinary least square based on dependent variable and independent variables from the data collected. Before regress the data, must do the unit root test to make sure the data stationary or not, after that log the data to reduce the problem of autocorrelation and multicollinearity. Then use first difference method because it is already mention in unit root test to check using first difference method. List of Equation PPOt=price of palm oil in the market PROD=production of palm oil(supply) EXP=export of palm oil to the world demand (tones) CONS=consumption of palm oil in this market L.AREA=landarea of palm oil plantation in Malaysia (hectares) Result of regression between POPt and PROD Dependent variable: POPt and Independent variable: PROD POPt=0.054234+0.329321t The coefficient above shows that the relationship between price and production of palm oil is positive relationship. It means that, 1 unit increased of production of palm will lead to increase price of palm oil by 0.329321. t-statistic=1.85 Reject Ho, because there is no significant relationship between price and production because t-statistic shows that it is significant and below 2. So production cannot influence the price of palm oil respectively. R-Squared =0.113301 Explanation. There are 11.33% of the changes in the dependent variables. Only independent variable can explain the dependent variable. 88.67% cannot be explained by the regression analysis due to some omission of independent variables. In other words, this R-squared show the weak relationship between dependent variable (price) and independent variable (production). Its mean that, when independent variable change 1%, dependent variable will change by 11.33%. So, we can concluded that independent variable and dependent variable has a weak relationship because of the R-Squared is low. Std-error=0.177300 Explanation. The smaller the value of SEE, the closer the data points/actual points to the regression line. DW-statistics=1.751273 Explanation. There is a less problem in auto-correlation because DW shows value almost than value 2. If the value of DW shows above 2, means that there is no problem in autocorrelation Probability=0.0742 Explanation. The variable is significant at 0.05 (5%) significant level or 95% confidence level. If the probability is less than 0.05, it means that 95% confidence interval accepted and there is a relationship between dependent variable and independent variable. The independent variable for the production is 0.0742. This production of palm oil (supply) cannot influence the price of palm oil. Its because if the production is too many in the market, the price of palm oil will not effect because society only concern for the basic needs such as shelter, food and society not concern for the production of palm oil. Same like if the production of palm oil is low, it will not influence the price of palm oil because society not really wants the uses of palm oil. Result of regression between POPt and EXP Dependent variable: POPt and Independent variable: EXP POPt=0.063604+0.855506t The coefficient above show the positive relationship between price and export. It means that, 1 unit increased export of palm oil will lead to increase price of palm oil by 0.855506 t-statistic=3.36 Also accept Ho, because there also a relationship between price and export because t-statistic shows that it is significant and above 2. So export also can influence the price of palm oil respectively. R-Squared=0.295790 Explanation. There are 29.57% of the changes in the dependent variables. Only the independent variable can explained the dependent variable. 70.43% cannot be explained by the regression analysis due to some omission of independent variables. R-squared show the weak relationship between dependent variable (price) and independent variable (export). It can be explained when independent variable change 1%, dependent variable also will change by 29.57%. we can concluded that independent variable and dependent variable has a weak relationship because of the value of R-squared is low. Std-error=0.254039 Explanation. The smaller the value of SEE, the closer the data points/actual points to the regression line. DW-statistics=1.816493 Explanation. There is a little bit problems in auto correlation because DW shows value almost 2. Probability=0.0023 Explanation. The variable is significant at 0.05 (5%) significant level or 95% confidence level. If the probability less than 0.05, it means that 95% confidence interval accepted and there is a relationship among dependent variable and independent variable. The independent variable for the export is 0.0023 and this export of palm oil (supply) can influence the price of palm oil. The price of palm oil will influence if the export more than demand from other country. This kind of scenario happened because its good to decrease price of palm oil to the trading country, so that the trading country can buy with cheapest price. But if the export less than demand from other country, it will influence the price of palm oil, because our country can sell with high price in order to get more profit from other country. It happen when the shortage of the production and demand will keep increasing every year and the export are limited. Result of regression between POPt and CONS Dependent variable: POPt and I Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-66208635844409992272020-01-19T10:04:00.001-08:002020-01-19T10:04:04.559-08:00Brand Awareness EssayExtent to which a brand is recognized by potential customers, and is correctly associated with a particular product Expressed usually as a percentage of target market, brand awareness is the primary goal of advertising in the early months or years of a productââ¬â¢s introduction.( Noel. K, Francoise. R. 1995), Brand awareness, In general, means the extent to which a brand associated with a particular product is documented by potential and existing customers either positively or negatively. Creation of brand awareness is the primary goal of advertising at the beginning of any productââ¬â¢s life cycle in target markets. In fact, brand awareness has influence on buying behavior of a buyer. (Noel. K, Francoise. R. 1995), Brand awareness can be measured by showing a consumer the brand and asking whether or not they knew of it beforehand. However, in common market research practice a variety of recognition and recall measures of brand awareness are employed all of which test the brand nameââ¬â¢s association to a product category cue, this came about because most market research in the 20th Century was conducted by post or telephone, actually showing the brand to consumers usually required more expensive face-to-face interviews (until web-based interviews became possible). (Noel. K, Francoise. R. 1995), this has led many textbooks to conceptualize brand awareness simply as its measures, that is, knowledge that the brand is a member of a particular product category, e.g. soft-drinks. Examples of such measures include: Brand recognition ââ¬â Either the brand name or both the brand name and category name are presented to respondents. Brand recall ââ¬â the product category name is given to respondents who are asked to recall as many brands as possible that are members of the category. ï⠧Top of mind awareness ââ¬â as above, but only the first brand recalled is recorded (also known as spontaneous brand recall). There has been discussion in industry and practice about the meaning and value of various brand awareness metrics. Recently, an empirical study appeared to put this debate to rest by suggesting that all awareness metrics were systematically related, simply reflecting their difficulty, in the same way that certain questions are more difficult in academic exams (Robert W. P. 1971), Brand recall Brand Recall is the extent to which a brand name is recalled as a member of a brand, product or service class, as distinct from brand recognition. Common market research usage is that pure brand recall requires ââ¬Å"unaided recallâ⬠. For example a respondent may be asked to recall the names of any cars he may know, or any whisky brands he may know. Some researchers divide recall into both ââ¬Å"unaidedâ⬠and ââ¬Å"aidedâ⬠recall. ââ¬Å"Aided recallâ⬠measures the extent to which a brand name is remembered when the actual brand name is prompted. An example of such a question is ââ¬Å"Do you know of the ââ¬Å"Hondaâ⬠brand?â⬠In terms of brand exposure, companies want to look for high levels of unaided recall in relation to their competitors. The first recalled brand name (often called ââ¬Å"top of mindâ⬠) has a distinct competitive advantage in brand space, as it has the first chance of evaluation for purchase. (Jonathan, 1982) Brand Recognition Brand Recognition is the extent to which a brand is recognized for stated brand attributes or communications In some cases brand recognition is defined as aided recall ââ¬â and as a subset of brand recall. In the case, brand recognition is the extent to which a brand name is recognized when prompted with the actual name. A broader view of brand recognition is the extent to which a brand is recognized within a product class for certain attributes. Logo and tagline testing can be seen as a form of brand recognition testing. For example, if a product name can be associated with a certain tagline, logo or attribute (safety and Volvo; ââ¬Å"Just do itâ⬠ââ¬â Nike) a certain level of brand recognition is present. (Jonathan, 1982) What Does Brand Awareness Mean? The likelihood that consumers recognize the existence and availability of a companyââ¬â¢s product or service Creating brand awareness is one of the key steps in promoting a product. Investopedia explains Brand Awareness Brand awareness is an important way of promoting commodity-related products. This is because for these products, there are very few factors that differentiate one product from its competitors. Therefore, the product that maintains the highest brand awareness compared to its competitors will usually get the most sales. For example, in the soft drink industry, very little separates a generic soda from a brand-name soda, in terms of taste. However, consumers are very aware of the brands Pepsi and Coca Cola, in terms of their images and names. This higher rate of brand awareness equates to higher sales and also serves as an economic moat that prevents competitors from gaining more market share. Definition: A gauge of marketing effectiveness measured by the ability of a customer to recognize and/or recall a name, image or other mark associated with a particular brand. Examples: In todayââ¬â¢s most competitive atmosphere, it is critical for retailers to maintain and build on their brand awareness, as well as reinforce the value proposition of their market. (Barnard. N, 1997) 7 Ways to Build Brand Awareness To some, branding might not feel like a tangible aspect of running a business. It canââ¬â¢t be seen like a product on the shelf, or counted like a cash drawer at the end of the night. But, branding is the reason people pay three times more for a product at one store over another. (Houston 1992), Good branding is the product of a clear vision, and nobody knows more about vision than small business owners. But, with limited resources, creating a brand identity can be tricky. Fortunately, building brand awareness on the Internet doesnââ¬â¢t need to take a lot of money or resources. Here are seven strategies to build your business brand: Define the vision. Before moving ahead with the web site, create a brand positioning statement. ââ¬Å"This isnââ¬â¢t just, ââ¬ËWhat kind of web site do we want to be?ââ¬â¢ This is ââ¬ËWho are we?ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ says Harley Manning, vice president at Forrester Research in Cambridge, Mass., a technology and market research firm that advises on the effects technology has on consumers and businesses. Good brand statements typically include the companyââ¬â¢s mission, vision and values. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s succinct. Itââ¬â¢s typically something that will fit on a page easily,â⬠he says. Build a brand worth believing in. ââ¬Å"Do you so believe in what youââ¬â¢re creating that you would trademark it?â⬠says Andrea Fitch, (president and CEO of Red Carpet Creations, Inc., and national president of the Society for Marketing Professional Services, both based out of Alexandria), Va. Really consider what kind of brand could represent the business through the next d ecade. ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t have a logo that in five years youââ¬â¢re going to be tired of and discard for another,â⬠she says. Remember, the web site is the brand. ââ¬Å"A web site is not just a communication medium,â⬠Manning says. ââ¬Å"It is actually a channel that must deliver on the promise.â⬠Essentially, a web site should embody the promise that it makes to customers. If, for instance, a business claims to be innovative, the web site should look fresh and modern. Create a cohesive experience between all mediums. Before she launched her companyââ¬â¢s new web site, Fitch made sure it would be an event that her potential clients would never forget. Red Carpet Creations mailed 4,000 silver tubes containing scrolls that looked like rolled-up carpet. Inside the scrolls was an announcement about the web siteââ¬â¢s launch. Once online, the web site was an extension of the invitations because it followed through on the themes of red carpet imagery and references to visitors being treated like a VIP. Customers should easily be able to recognize the companyââ¬â¢s brand, whether it is print, online or some other form of media, Manning says. Donââ¬â¢t sacrifice creativity. Once the brandââ¬â¢s guidelines are established, creative choices must bring those attributes to life, Manning says. Donââ¬â¢t let the companyââ¬â¢s brand become so dominating that there is no room for new thoughts and ideas. Brand should be the jumping-off point for interesting ideas, not the place where every new idea dead-ends. Fitch stresses that a sense of fun and whimsy will only enhance the likelihood that people will take an interest in the web site. Donââ¬â¢t communicate brand at the expense of delivering. While a web site can be a significant tool for building brand awareness, clarity and functionality are paramount. ââ¬Å"Just be careful not to let the communication about your brand get in the way of delivering your message,â⬠Manning says. People should be able to understand how to navigate the site without knowing a thing about the companyââ¬â¢s catch phrases. ââ¬Å"You canââ¬â¢t frustrate and annoy people into liking your brand (Houston, 1992), Listen to the customers: They determine a brandââ¬â¢s true value. Pay attention to customer feedback about the site because, ultimately, itââ¬â¢s the customersââ¬â¢ opinion that counts. When it comes to building a brand, a company can incorporate everything from signature colors to catch phrases, but at the end of the day, itââ¬â¢s the consumer who decides what a brand is really worth. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s not what you say [about] yourself, itââ¬â¢s what others say of you, How do consumers make decisions? This question is at the core of much of marketing examination over the past 60 or 70 years. As marketers manipulate the various principles of marketing, so do the consumers they seek to reach-choosing which products and services to buy, and which not to buy, choosing which brands to use, and which brands to ignore. The focus of this paper is to examine the major decision-making mo dels, strategies, and theories that underlie the decision processes used by consumers and to provide some clarity for marketing executives attempting to find the right mix of variables for their products and services. Three Decision-Making Models Early economists, led by Nicholas Bernoulli, John von Neumann, and Oskar Morgenstern, puzzled over this question. Beginning about 300 years ago, Bernoulli developed the first formal explanation of consumer decision making. It was later extended by von Neumann and Morgenstern and called the Utility Theory. This theory proposed that consumers make decisions based on the expected outcomes of their decisions. In this model consumers were viewed as rational actors who were able to estimate the probabilistic outcomes of uncertain decisions and select the outcome which maximized their well-being. However, as one might expect, consumers are typically not completely rational, or consistent, or even aware of the various elements that enter into their decision making. In addition, though consumers are good at estimating relative frequencies of events, they typically have difficulty translating these frequencies into probabilities. This Utility model, even though it had been viewed as the domina nt decision-making paradigm, had serious shortcomings that could not be explained by the model. (Herbert S, 1950) proposed an alternative, simpler model. This model was called Satisficing, in which consumers got approximately where they wanted to go and then stopped the decision-making process. An example of this would be in the search for a new apartment. Under the Utility theory, consumers would evaluate every apartment in a market, form a linear equation based on all the pertinent variables, and then select the apartment that had the highest overall utility score. With Satisficing, however, consumers might just evaluate apartments within a certain distance to their desired location, stopping when they found one that was ââ¬Å"good enough.â⬠This theory, though robust enough to encompass many of the shortcomings of Utility Theory, still left significant room for improvement in the area of prediction. After all, if a marketing executive canââ¬â¢t predict consumer behavior, then what use is a decision-making paradigm? Simon and others have extended this area in the investigation of the field of bounded rationality. Following Simon, additional efforts were made to develop better understandings of consumer decision making, extending beyond the mathematical optimization of Utility Theory and the somewhat unsatisfying Satisficing Theory. In the late 1970s, two leading psychologists, Daniel. K and Amos. T, developed Prospect Theory, which expanded upon both Utility Theory and Satisficing Theory to develop a new theory that encompassed the best aspects of each, while solving many of the problems that each presented. Two major elements that were added by Kahneman and Tversky were the concepts of value (replacing the utility found in Utility Theory) and endowment, in which an item is more precious if one owns it than if someone else, owns it. Value provided a reference point and evaluated both gains and losses from that reference point. Additionally, gains and losses have a marginally decreasing increase from the reference point. For example, there is a much greater value for the first incremental gain from the reference point than for subsequent gains. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-67590433460564865802020-01-11T06:28:00.001-08:002020-01-11T06:28:04.006-08:00Has the development of Human Resource Management practices replaced the need for trade unions EssayAccording to Phelan (2007, pp. 45-47), trade unions were the most powerful organizations after the industrial revolution. During the 19th and 20th century, management was largely mechanistic and the position of workers was not felt unless the force of the numbers was employed. As a result, the membership to the trade unions increased steadily to 1979 after which a sharp decline is evident. During the 20th century, Donna, Stephen and Roderick (2007, p. 832) report that over one third of all employees belonged to trade unions by 1979 before declining sharply o 13. % by year 2000. In their view, Gurpreet (2007, p. 85) and Hearnshaw (2007, p. 76) argue that the trade unions decline is an indication of the critical period that change must be embraced to create greater value of the production systems. According to Tove, Hammer and Bayazit (2009, pp. 405-406), the unions lacked the needed sensitivity to their members and held their views towards salaries and job security only. Under this model, unions failed to recognize the fact that if employees were guaranteed what the unions provided, they would lack their value. From their view point, Coca-Stefaniak, Hallsworth and Bainbridge (2005, pp. 361-363) argue that trade unionsââ¬â¢ mandates lacked clear definition and therefore kept overlapping between political delineations to employees protection. Consequently, many leaders used them to settle political scores and stepping stones to power. Indeed, Marlow (2006, p. 54) points an accusing finger to this vagueness in executing their mandates that employees sought to distance themselves. A major question that arises at this point is what is indeed the future of the unions? Though many analysts appear to avoid answering the question directly, Pencavel (2003, p. 21) and Blanden and Machin (2003, pp. 121-122) suggest that the unions will indeed not fully die, but resilience of their roles will be evident when major problems occur. Comparison of human resources managements and trade unions Comparison of trade human resources and trade unions brings out the picture of two negating forces but geared towards achieving the same objectives. To begin with, trade unions were run politically and therefore involved a very wide spectrum of employees they dealt with. As a result, Gill (2009, pp. 41-42) explains it was very hard to address the demands of the different members with ease. On the other hand, human resources management is a discipline defined by clear cut professional outline that have key objectives. Redman and Wilkinson (2009, p. 121) explain that apart from this clear objectivity, human resources managers have a narrower spectrum, for instance, one company or institution, which makes it easier to address concerns of their subjects. The approach and consideration of trade unions as Marchington and Wilkinson (2005, p. 114) pointed out in their study, was based on a competitive model that was viewed as a major achievement for specific leaders. As a result, other options were locked out; a consideration that created controversy with economists and political elites. Marchington and Wilkinson (2005, p. 117) further point out that human resources managers consider conflicts to be critical aspects that must be addressed carefully in defining a better relationship and ultimately greater productivity. Though Jose and Fernando (2002, pp. 181-182), use of the term ââ¬Ëmilitantââ¬â¢ when referring to trade unions has received sharp criticism, it is perhaps the correct term. Trade unions main method of addressing conflicts was use of strikes and demonstrations. As a result, they resulted to great losses to particular institutions, companies and even nations. Human resources managers however, balance between critical human qualifications, existing infrastructure and overall returns as dictated by the demand and supply of resulting products. Gill (2009, pp. 41-42) therefore concurs with Marlow (2006, p. 78) that everybody has his own niche and stands a better chance of advancing with ease. Modern roles of human resources a) Staffing and selection The roles of human resources have over the years changed with the rising demand to view employees as a responsive system as opposed to a rigid consideration Farber and Western (2002, pp. 398-399) explains that this role therefore creates a harmonic platform that proactively addresses key problems that necessitated the need for trade unions. Staffing and selection is done on the basis of merits; a consideration that give employees great security both locally and internationally. By conducting effective selection, the employees do not feel threatened, but are given a chance to improve on their skills which the organization they work for strongly struggles to retain while others remain opportunistic to outsource (Blanden and Machin, 2003, pp. 126-127). Unions are therefore rendered less essential as job security is indeed very high and payments highly sustainable. ) Rewarding compensation and motivation management To concur with Gill (2009, p. 90) conclusion, poor rewarding systems formed the basis of unions in the mid-twentieth century. At this time most production were privately owned, but most importantly, they lacked effective competition to trigger better compensation and motivation of their workers. Human resources managementsââ¬â¢ greatest roles are indeed to assess performance, initiate the needed improvement ef forts and most importantly reward the best performers. In his theory of human needs, Robert Maslow argued that when employees are guaranteed the needed capacity for progression towards self actualization, other systems are easily foregone (Gill, 2009, p. 48). Unlike the trade unions that provided only raising the salaries, human resources create a roadmap for sustainability; a factor that Brewster (2004, p. 371) indicate directly disrupts their consideration for unionization. c) Employeeââ¬â¢s development and modelling When refereeing to the current replacement of trade unions roles with human resources management, one cannot fail to focus on the modelling and development roles. Though trade unions train their members on different aspects of their relationship with their seniors and the employers, greater credit as Jose and Fernando (2002, p. 189), suggests, is given to human resources managements. As indicated earlier, trade unions lack the necessary specificity on their members who are highly diverse. Due to their smaller nature of operation, human resources have proved to be more effective in that employees are continuously modelled with close supervision with an aim of improving their place in an organization. Jose and Fernando (2002, pp. 188-190) add that modelling sets a clear role model and a definite roadmap to follow in addressing their concerns and issues. d) Negotiating and change management Unlike during the period of the trade unions, negotiations have taken a central position for all the employees. Brewster (2004, p. 368) explains that human resources management eliminates key bureaucracies and therefore brings the employees closer to the top leadership. Furthermore, human resources management facilitates teamwork to encourage involvement of all the workers in negotiating their views in an organization. To infer greater need for negotiations, Coca-Stefaniak et al (2005, pp. 366-367) argue that internal and external change agents often propose changes towards improving the welfare of the employees and ultimate productivity of the company. As a result, the need for trade unions to create either a rise in payments or even improved working conditions does not arise. Counterarguments In his view, Phelan (2007, pp. 4-75) suggests that trade unions roles will remain critical despite the current decline. He further points out that though many workers have shifted from the trade unions; their need will always be rekindled during the periods of major crisis. During the 2007-2008 financial crises, many workers turned to trade unions for protection of their jobs. Pencavel (2003, p. 25) cites the political interference in reducing the relevance o f the unions. As a result, strength of trade unions will always recur when new political elites with favouring views rise to power. However, the two counterarguments fail to acknowledge the great advancements in technology that facilitate easier detection of workplace problems, faster communication and precise assessment that assists in making the correct decisions to avoid major issues (Hearnshaw, 2007, p. 69). Conclusion and recommendations From the above discussion, this paper supports the thesis statement, ââ¬Ëthe critical roles played by human resources managements that greatly satisfies the customers, improves their earnings, secures their employment, and maintains the correct organization cultures have increasingly replaced the need for trade unions. Trade unions came out as strong movements that were very vibrant during the 20th century when clear professionalism lacked in running businesses and organizations. Human resources management came in with great specialization that is highly proactive and employees driven; a consideration that surpassed the major roles of the unions. However, counterarguments presented in the discussion are true and their roles will often recur during periods of major crisis in organizations. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-65687991175445429592020-01-03T02:52:00.001-08:002020-01-03T02:52:03.539-08:00Children s Effect On Children - 1183 Words When children are waking up in the middle of the night, it can be detrimental on parents. According to Roberts et al, in western societies, infants who cry persistently or wake at night are common concerns for parents and can lead a parent to smother, hit, or shake an infant, sometimes resulting in infant brain damage or death. Children wake up for many different reasons. For example: hunger (breast-feeding), colic, diaper change, physical illness, sleep temper tantrums or parentââ¬â¢s attention. ââ¬Å"At least 20% to 30% of all children 1 to 4 years of age have frequent night awakenings, bedtime struggles, or bothâ⬠(Rickert Johnson, 1988). Parents are distressed and there tolerance level is decreasing. Sleep problems are the most common complaint from parents and can become overwhelmed with their childââ¬â¢s crying (citation). Children waking up have a huge influence and effects on parent reactions to crying. Self-esteem issues can cause parents to feel hopeless; pare nts can have self-esteem issues because they can feel like a horrible parent and not worthy enough to solving their childââ¬â¢s crying. Itââ¬â¢s important to understand why children wake up and how parents will respond. There are many different findings focusing on parents responses to mid-night awakenings, there are three types of response; systematic, ignoring, and scheduled awakenings. 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The current issue hasRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children s Children1076 Words à |à 5 PagesMeghan Egan English 1010 Dr. Dugger 18 February 2016 Autistic Children Life can be troubling, confusing, aggravating, although it can also be delightful, happy, and relaxing. Knowing someone with autism can lead to more confusion, but a child that has autism can be even worse. Commonly people arenââ¬â¢t aware that their child is autistic or that someone around them is autistic. Classifying children as autistic is done correctly and incorrectly every day, because autism has just become recognized and Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-51908357880431594912019-12-25T23:19:00.001-08:002019-12-25T23:19:03.131-08:00Effects of Mass Medias Ideal of Thinness - 1482 Words In todayââ¬â¢s day and age, more and more individuals are changing their perspectives to match that of the mediaââ¬â¢s current ideals. Concern over the mediaââ¬â¢s influence on body image has recently risen, striking the notion that many people regard the images shown throughout media as ââ¬Ërealââ¬â¢. However, unbeknownst to them, such unbelievably thin body types are not quite attainable in reality, and therefore, individualsââ¬â¢ own beauty ideals and body images become unrealistic. The mass mediaââ¬â¢s ideal image of thinness has greatly impacted the overall body image of today, and has been linked to negative consequences such as appearance dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and depression. Society is suddenly spiraling down into a dark chasm of which it may not be able to escape. Unrealistically thin models and actors are often spotted on television screens, leaving individuals all over drowning in their own envy. Ridiculously small figures are found in man y films, plastered across the internet, and even strutting down the red carpet. 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Portugal sent Vasco da Gama and Spain sent Christopher Columbus to find a trading route to Asia (History, 432). Both da Gama and Columbus were sailors on a mission to Asia, but the nature of their expedition and the consequences set them apart. Christopher Columbus was a Genoese map maker. Knowledgeable about the ocean, he had experience with Portuguese navigational developments and using a compass as a nautical tool. Columbus was also a religious man, and saw Christianity as a missionary religion. In fact, he planned to spread Christianity to the people in Asia. Columbus was not just inspired by his Christian faith, but also by the work done by geographers and travelers before him. In his first voyage, ââ¬Å"The Enterprise of the Indiesâ⬠, he set out to find a direct trading route to Asia. In 1486, he was rejected by the Portuguese for any funding, but in 1492, the king and queen of Spain funded his journey. Columbus is known to be a controversial figure. There are some who glorify him as a great explorer, but others see him as an invader, takingShow MoreRelatedAl Islam : A Major Economic And Cultural Center1220 Words à |à 5 Pages EUROPE-Crisis and Rebirth-War and Renaissance During the 14th century in Europe started a conflict between England and France which resulted with the Hundred Years War. A war between France and England that lasted from the middle of the fourteenth century to the middle of the fifteenth..It lasted from 1337-1453 o it might more accurately be called the 116 Years War. The war starts off with several stunning successes on Britain s part, and the English forces dominate France for decadesRead MoreThe Triangle Trade Provided The New World1471 Words à |à 6 Pagestechnology, ideas, and culture between The Old World, New World and Africa that started in 1492 when Christopher Columbus set foot in the New World, thinking heââ¬â¢d hit India. 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An ocean route was sought to theRead MoreNative American Tribes From Western North America1861 Words à |à 8 Pagesand defeat due to these illnesses, the Europeans also suffered from venereal diseases such as syphilis due to their sexual interactions with Native Americans, taking a serious toll on Europe back home as well. 2. The Emergence of Racially Mixed Populations: When Europeans such as the Spanish entered the New World, the paucity of European women resulted in marrying Native Americans out of desperation. The Conquistadors mixed with the New World peoples resulted in a whole new race, mestizos, who wouldRead MoreThe Great Ice Age Of A Giant Body Of Water1937 Words à |à 8 Pagesthe waters to freeze and the sea levels to drop and an isthmus or ââ¬Å"bridgeâ⬠was there for them to use. The people used the isthmus to populate the lands across from them. If the bridge wasnââ¬â¢t there, they would have had to populate the Americas when Columbus got there in 1492. 2. The first people (Indians) to fill the lands were the Asians. The Asian people migrated across an isthmus called the Bering Isthmus. They moved all throughout America. They created tribes like the Mayans, Aztecs, and the IncasRead MoreThe Development of Europe and Western Culture Essay2711 Words à |à 11 PagesAges. The Dark Ages is the name traditionally given to the period in European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the west to the coronation of Charlemagne, or sometimes to the 10th century. The term has also been used to denote the entire Middle Ages down to the Renaissance. Modern historians avoid using the term because of its value#64979;laden implications of barbarism and intellectual darkness. The role of the church during this time period was as a leader. The church took the leadershipRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words à |à 38 PagesUnited States The Mayflower, which transported Pilgrims to the New WorldAfter a period of exploration by people from various European countries, Spanish, Dutch, English, French, Swedish, and Portuguese settlements were established.[11] Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493, during his second voyage. In the 15th century, Europeans brought horses, cattle, and hogs to the Americas and,Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words à |à 656 Pagesprevious epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human communities globally and individuals locally had the potential to be much more intensely connectedRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words à |à 319 PagesMethodist) or by squatting on marginal and government lands. On these lands, the former slaves developed into the Jamaican peasantry in the decades following emancipation. The late nineteenth century saw a revival of the plantation system through the infusion of British and American capital. The revival of agri-business led to the concentration of land in the hands of a few, as government-owned lands were reclaimed from squatters and sold to business interests. Lands formerly considered marginal forRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words à |à 1351 Pagesprocesses were to continue unchecked . . . within about 100 years every one of us would be a scientist, the entire national output would be absorbed in research, and we should be spending most of our lives airborne at 40 000 feet. ââ¬Å" . . . world population, and also the available labour force in industrial countries, is doubl- This can be contrasted with a rather more serious comment made by Professor William H. Pickering of Harvard in a speech made during June 1908, in which his lack of imagination Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-33509521611103578302019-12-09T15:49:00.001-08:002019-12-09T15:49:04.453-08:00Corporate Social Responsibility for Practices- MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about theCorporate Social Responsibility for Practices. Answer: Introduction Business ethics is important in the society today because of the increase in market driven decisions. Organizations chose to act ethically through Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) as a way of bridging the gap between the profit agenda and community development. Although some organizations are sincere in the corporate social responsibility as a common good, others use this to advance their selfish agenda. In the global markets, the growth of Multi-National Enterprises (MNE) is cause for the emergence of CSR practices as a development agenda and PR strategy. MNE are multimillion-dollar operations operating across different borders. Due to the high profits, these organizations feel the need to give back to host country through community based initiatives. These could be investments in education, infrastructure, health care, or other basic services. Many countries such as the third world states continue to benefit from such functions. However, critiques of this venture highlight a falsified agenda claiming that MNEs are out to reap off and exploit the resources of the host country. Such theorists believe that CSR is a scheme used to gain operating license in foreign nations. This essay compares the pros and cons of CSR with reference to the global markets and emerging trends of globalization. Nature and Theory of Business Ethics Individual factors influence ethical and business decisions (Richardson and Ford, 2012). People make choices because of personal principles, educational background, professional convictions, and social cultural influences. Situations also determine the choices made. Business codes of conduct change leading to a shift in decisions. Gjolberg, (2009) describes the origin of CSR in the global arena to highlight the role of political and economic institutions in CSR decisions. She explains that organizations adopt CSR because they are willing and able to do it. National policies and activities of organizations may encourage or discourage a companys CSR. This implies that the national political and economic system causes MNEs to invest in CSR. The market economy or capitalist systems have a stiff competitive environment in which businesses formulate strategies in order to survive. The formulation of CSR involves theories and practices. Concepts in CSR date back to the industrial age as a S ocial Responsibility concept (Carroll, 1998). Its agenda was to create well-being in society and it came before the advent of corporate business. Its integration in organizations as a business strategy makes it part of business practices. Different organizations use CSR differently. For some, it is a policy but for other organizations, it is a strategic plan depending on whether the CSR has a managerial ownership or a public ownership (Siddiqui, Muttakin, and Khan, 2013). The legitimacy of a CSR practice depends on whether it abides by the national regulations. In most organizations today, business operations in the manufacturing and production industries have the responsibility of giving disclosure (Elliott, 2011). This is because of concerns for human existence and the quality of the natural environment in the present and future. National governments collaborate with global in ensuring that the international activities of innovation have sustainability approaches for the maintenance of environmental and resources base. This explains the call for standardized reporting of environmental effects such as carbon release as a CSR (Reber and Hou. 2011). Role of CSR in Influencing Corporate Actions and Attitudes Economic changes in the global system has led to an increase in capitalist organizations that have a profit focus. A Forbes report on the world largest corporations indicates that most of these are banks (Schaefer, 2016). It is unfair for such institutions to swim in a pool of profits when society is in poverty, poor climate and other social ills. It is ironical that most of these large banks are in China where there is a high record of negative climatic impact. Companies such as Apple, Microsoft, Samsung, Volkswagen and Toyota should invest some of its multibillion profits into development agenda. These decisions should be because of the conviction to redistribute some of its profits. It is unfair to make money from a society yet nothing goes back to the peoples lives. Consumers recognize and respect socially responsible brands. It is interesting that most brands, which top CSR trends, feature among the largest globally (Straus, 2016). CSR is an expensive venture, which needs funds, and these organizations have the funds required for large projects. Leaving all responsibilities to the humanitarian organizations is unfair and leaves humanity in suffering. CSR gives business organizations a management prerogative to offer accountability and operate responsibly (Leonidou, and Skarmeas, 2013). Unfortunately, CSR is no longer a charitable activity nor a sincere venture because of misconduct (Tonello, 2011). Companies use CSR for sustainability, business ethics, and competitive advantage. While ethics in business is good for stakeholder benefits it should not be a scapegoat for more reap offs. Consumers are also to blame because an organization, which engages in recognizable CSR, becomes more respectable. This is wrong if in essence, CSR makes the company even richer. A brand like Apple, which has high revenues, should worry more about giving back to the community than enhancing its brand equity (Woo, Kim, and Hur, 2014). The business function of CSR is questionable because the agenda is not to benefit the society but a selfish agenda. Using CSR for adverting or influencing the outcome is wrong (Hsu, 2012). Critical Analysis of Ethical Issues and Recommendations for Management Issues According to the International Encyclopedia of Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility is serious responsibilities that are beyond profits (Gibson, 2013). When an organization invests millions to promote its own cause or to avert risks and crisis, it cannot claim to have done so on CSR grounds. CSR is a just cause for charity, philanthropic work. It could involve creation of employment for social good, community work, environmental practices and skill development. CSR should not find motivation in market driven cause but instead it should be part of the business ethics towards responsibility, poverty alleviation, non-renewable resource sustainability and social benefits. CSR practices such as sustainability approaches for environmental conservation are important. Reber and Hou (2011) highlight the importance of disclosure on environmental, organizational and community activities as a CSR activity. Hopkins Michael (2007) questions whether CSR is an answer to social problems such as po verty. He analyses CSR successes and failures by defining the development agenda. In his opinion, development should address issues such as inequality, urbanization, dualism, agricultural development, education, health, unemployment, governance, corruption, and basic needs among others (Hopkins: 2007: 2). CSR as a systems approach should have an approach similar to the NGOs in which operations contribute towards an agency charged with the role of development as a unified agenda of businesses. However, this is not the case because organizations pursue ways in which they can make more money through CSR strategic positioning. It is no wonder that MNE set aside billions with claims that this is a CSR initiative yet the reason for such an investment if organizational based. The origin of CSR is clear from the beginning. That is why it has a social concept intertwined. If the intention is not for social benefit, then it becomes a business responsibility. Conclusion CSR as a business ethics practice focuses on social responsibility in terms of community development and stakeholder benefits. It is suppose do improve people and society through improved standards of living. This means the presence of a global bank in an insecure zone such as the Middle East should invest some of its profits in improving security in the region. This is for the common good of the society and the sustainability of the business. Environmental concerns continue to overwhelm MNEs because of this. Therefore, instead of organizations adopting MNE plans as a strategy towards making their brands earn more money or reputation, it should do so a human responsibility. This ensures that corporations stay clear off then profit agenda, which can cause more harm than good. It is unethical to make profits. In fact, that is the sole motivation of any business. However, if a large organization is going to make money in the midst of massive unemployment, poor education systems and pove rty, then the business has no ethical reason for existence. The modern capitalist system comprises of stakeholders like suppliers, managers, investors, employees and external contributors. All these networks need to become part of the CSR plan. A concerted effort towards improving life will convince businesses on the importance of having a unified effort towards CSR charitable activities, developmental and sustainability plans. References Carroll, A. (1998). A History of Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts and Practices. In, Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, Chapter 2. Oxford University Press, pp 19-46 Elliott, S. (2011). Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Environmental Sustainability: A Resource Base and Framework for IT-enabled Business Transformation. MIS Quarterly. Vol 35 (1), pp 197-236 Gibson, K (2013). Corporate Social responsibility. The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Wiley Gjolberg, M. (2009). The Origin of Corporate Social Responsibility: Global Forces or National Legacies. Socio-Economic Review. Vol 7 (4), pp 605-637) Hopkins, M. (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility and International Development: Is Business the Solution? London. Michael Hopkins Hsu, K (2012). The Advertising Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Reputation and Brand Equity: Evidence From the life Insurance Industry in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics Leonidou, C and Skarmeas, D. (2013). When Consumers Doubt, Watch Out! The Role of CSR Skepticism. Journal of Business Research. Vol 6 (10), pp 1831-1838 Reber, B and Hou, J (2011). Dimensions of Disclosure: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reporting by Media Companies. Public Relations Review. Vol 37 (2), pp, 166-168 Schaefer, S. (2016). Worlds Largest Public Companies in 2016. Forbes. Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2016/05/25/the-worlds-largest-companies-2016/#554bfb8445a6 (Accessed 23rd May 2017) Siddiqui, J, Muttakin, M and Khan, A. (2013). Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol, 114 (2), pp, 207-223 Straus, K (2016). The Companies with the Best CSR Reputations in the World in 2016. Forbes. Available athttps://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2016/09/15/the-companies-with-the-best-csr-reputations-in-the-world-in-2016/#d06041275060 (Accessed 23rd 2017) Tonello, M (2011). The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility. Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation. Available at https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2011/06/26/the-business-case-for-corporate-social-responsibility/ (Accessed 23rd May 2017) Woo J, Kim, H, and Hur, W. (2014). How CSR Leads to Corporate Brand Equity: Mediating Mechanisms of Corporate Brand Credibility and Reputation. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol 25 (1), pp, 75-86 Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-9584556538757044732019-12-02T03:31:00.001-08:002019-12-02T03:31:03.340-08:00Jack Merridew Essays - Novel Series, Allegory, Lord Of The Flies Jack Merridew Jack Merridew He was tall, thin, and bony, and his hair was red beneay the black cap. His face was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness. A cruel and ugly bully, he early develops a taste for violence. He is a leader of the choir at first, and then of the hunters. His leadership resides in his ability to threaten and frighten those under him. He is always ready for a fight. His victory over Piggy represents the triumph of violence over intellect, as he smashes one of the lenses of the fat boy's glasses. The knife that he carries is a symbol of the death and destruction that accompany his every act. He does have some attractive qualities-bravery and resourcefulness. But these are easily hidden by his newly discovered wrath, envy, pride, hatred, and lust for blood. He is constantly attempting to weaken Ralph's hold on the boys. He suggests opposite measures, he shouts abusively, he threatens, he is constantly demanding to be made chief. In all, he is a complete stranger to polite behavio r. In his constant rivalry with Ralph, and in his constant preoccupation with killing, whether it be pigs or fellow human beings. He could always be found leading the boys into a chaos of brute activities. His egotistical outbursts and his temper tantrums suggest that he is immature in his social development. But as hunter and killer he is extremely precocious. The readiness with which he throws himself into the existence of a savage, as he pauses to sniff the air for scent, or falls to his knees to inspect the pig droppings, or runs naked and painted through the forest, suggests the flimsiness of the restraints and patterns of civilization in a personality in which the destructive passions flow strongly. If the novel is read as religious story, Jack emerges as an delegate of the Devil, enticing the other boys to sin. If the novel is read as a representation of Freudian (I'm Learning this in Psychology now) principles, Jack represents the primitive urges of the id. In the symbolic representation of the processes of life and death, Jack suggests, both in the black cloaks which he and his followers wear and in his association with darkness, the power of death. In his first appearance, coming out of the darkness of the forest to face Ralph, whom he cannot see because his back is to the sun, Jack represents the Satanic and deathly force coming to confront the divine and life giving man of light. The blood that he wallows in is a further representation of deathliness. When, after his first kill, Jack transferred the knife to his left hand and smudged blood over his forehead as he pushed down the plastered hair, he unconsciously imitates the ritual of the tribal initiation of the hunter, wh ose face is covered with the blood of his first kill. Finally, if the novel is read as the story of human civilization, Jack represents the influences of unreason and confusion and violence as they operate counter to the progress of human virtues and social institutions. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-86129935240807417542019-11-26T22:26:00.001-08:002019-11-26T22:26:05.365-08:00Justice in Agamemnon essayEssay Writing ServiceJustice in Agamemnon essayEssay Writing Service Justice in Agamemnon essay Justice in Agamemnon essayJustice is a key word in the drama Agamemnon by Aeschylus. However, there is no an absolute justice in the drama. Justice is only in the eye of the beholder. Aeschylus criticizes his time through the evolution of the nature of justice.Clytaemnestra believes she must exact revenge against her husband for killing their daughter Iphigenia. She has taken Agamemnonââ¬â¢s brother as a lover and king in order to revenge the sacrifice of their daughter. However, Agamemnon believes that the honor of his family demanded the sacrifice that he made unwillingly, and that he was forced to give up his daughter. He sacrificed his daughter to the god Artemis in order to get favorable winds to reach Troy. Agamemnonââ¬â¢s sacrifice led to the conflict with his wife. Who is correct? There is a debate regarding Clytaemnestraââ¬â¢s actions and Agamemnonââ¬â¢s actions. Clytaemnestra gets justice in the play as she managed to kill her husband and place herself and her l over on the throne. She states that justice has been done in the name of her daughter Iphigeneia. Clytaemnestra explains her actions in the following way:You try me out as if I were a woman and vain;but my heart is not fluttered as I speak before you.You know it. You can praise or blame me as you wish;it is all one to me. That man is Agamemnon,my husband; he is dead; the work of this right handthat sturck in strength of righteousness. And that is thatIn other words, her revenge can be justified. At the same time, Clytaemnestraââ¬â¢s killing of her husband is considered to be an injustice against him.Thus, it is necessary to conclude that justice can be interpreted in different ways. Different conceptions of justice depend on the initial choices and situations. The notion of justice in Agamemnon by Aeschylus is revenge. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-64000082689289163422019-11-23T06:00:00.001-08:002019-11-23T06:00:04.314-08:00Introduction to Sentence Combining ExercisesIntroduction to Sentence Combining Exercises This exercise will introduce you to sentence combining- that is, organizing sets of short, choppy sentences into longer, more effective ones. However, the goal of sentence combining is not to produce longer sentences but rather to develop more effective sentencesand to help you become a more versatile writer. Sentence combining calls on you to experiment with different methods of putting words together. Because there are countless ways to build sentences, your goal is not to find the one correct combination but to consider different arrangements before you decide which one is the most effective. An Example of Sentence Combining Lets consider an example. Start by looking at this list of eight short (and repetitive) sentences: She was our Latin teacher.We were in high school.She was tiny.She was a birdlike woman.She was swarthy.She had dark eyes.Her eyes were sparkling.Her hair was graying. Now try combining those sentences into three, two, or even just one clear and coherent sentence: in the process of combining, omit repetitive words and phrases (such as She was) but keep all of the original details. Have you succeeded in combining the sentences? If so, compare your work with these sample combinations: Our Latin teacher in high school was a tiny woman. She was swarthy and birdlike. She had dark, sparkling eyes and graying hair.When we were in high school, our Latin teacher was a tiny woman. She was swarthy and birdlike, with dark, sparkling eyes and graying hair.Our high school Latin teacher was a swarthy, birdlike woman. She was tiny, with dark, sparkling eyes and graying hair.Our Latin teacher in high school was a birdlike woman, tiny and swarthy, with graying hair and dark, sparkling eyes. Remember, theres no single correct combination. In fact, there are usually several ways to combine sentences in these exercises. After a little practice, however, youll discover that some combinations are clearer and more effective than others. If youre curious, here is the sentence that served as the original model for this little combining exercise: Our high school Latin teacher was a tiny, birdlike woman, swarthy, with sparkling dark eyes, graying hair.(Charles W. Morton, It Has Its Charm) An unusual combination, you might say. Is it the best version possible? As well see in later exercises, that question cant be answered until we look at the combination in the context of the sentences that precede and follow it. Nevertheless, certain guidelines are worth keeping in mind as we evaluate our work in these exercises. Evaluating Sentence Combinations After combining a set of sentences in a variety of ways, you should take the time to evaluate your work and decide which combinations you like and which ones you dont. You may do this evaluation on your own or in a group in which you will have a chance to compare your new sentences with those of others. In either case, read your sentences out loud as you evaluate them: how they sound to you can be just as revealing as for how they look. Here are six basic qualities to consider when you evaluate your new sentences: Meaning. As far as you can determine, have you conveyed the idea intended by the original author?Clarity. Is the sentence clear? Can it be understood on the first reading?Coherence. Do the various parts of the sentence fit together logically and smoothly?Emphasis. Are keywords and phrases put in emphatic positions (usually at the very end or at the very beginning of the sentence)?Conciseness. Does the sentence clearly express an idea without wasting words?Rhythm. Does the sentence flow, or is it marked by awkward interruptions? Do the interruptions help to emphasize key points (an effective technique), or do they merely distract (an ineffective technique)? These six qualities are so closely related that one cant be easily separated from another. The significance of the various qualities- and their interrelationship- should become clearer to you as you continue to work on this skill. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-28320015110572297252019-11-21T04:20:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:20:10.785-08:00MGMT670 Week 4 Conf Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsMGMT670 Week 4 Conf - Assignment Example A second situation in which SWOT analysis would be useful for the company is to evaluate other companies. A few years ago the firm was looking for a strategic to form a marketing alliance. The executive management team of the company utilized SWOT to evaluate the different partner alternatives. ââ¬Å"SWOT chart can help to uncover opportunities that your company is well placed to take advantage ofâ⬠(Smith, 2006). A third potential application of SWOT analysis is that it can be used to analyze different locations for international expansion. To fully analyze external opportunities an analyst has to monitor the key macroeconomic forces which are demographic-economic, technological, political-legal, social-cultural (Kotler, 2003). The identification of the strengths of a company can be used to formulate plans and operational procedures to improve the efficiency and profitability of a company. The analytics of opportunities can help an organization gain a competitive advantage. Analyzing the threats of a company is crucial to adequately incorporate a risk management plan. It can also help firms mitigate and resolve problems when they occur through proper strategic planning. Our firm should expand the use of SWOT beyond the executive management team in order to take full advantage of the capabilities and reach of this powerful managerial tool. SWOT analysis is a great tool, but it does have its limitations. For instance the use of SWOT does not provide alternative solutions to managers for specific problems. The analysis is too broad base which hinders the ability of a firm to solve specific problems that are hurting the efficiency, productivity, and profitability of the company. Project management requires the ability of the project managers and his team to prioritize specific issues. The use of SWOT does not help the leader Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-71601497834816099522019-11-19T19:10:00.001-08:002019-11-19T19:10:03.070-08:00Personal statement for Finance (NOT ACCOUNTING) program at Imperial EssayPersonal statement for Finance (NOT ACCOUNTING) program at Imperial College - Essay Example While in China, I had the opportunity to work at Volunteer Union, Suzhou, for the old people. I also worked as a journalist for XJTLU University in Xian. I could do fairly well as a journalist, and some of my works got published in the official website of the university those days. All these areas helped me to get along with people and sustain confidence in everything I do. I was always crazy plying with numbers. During my graduation, I was very particular with the subject that even the solution to an easy puzzle would give me a lot of delight. The reason why I love to select finance as my subject is I want to concentrate on the unpredictable financial market situations in order to make stock analyses based on the market environment that involves a lot of mathematical calculations and analyses. To get real life experiences and additional knowledge on my prospective career, I have made visits to actual financial markets and travelled through markets like Shaanxi Finance Radio, Huatai Security Company and Agriculture Bank of China. Admittedly, my internships added to my experience and I clearly understood the required level of expertise a person must possess in order for working in financial markets. After two yearsââ¬â¢ major education in China, I left for Liverpool for continuing the rest of it in September 2010. My two years experience in the UK helped me to adjust with strange cultures and to take up a different view on urban and finance culture. This knowledge in cultural diversity is essential for one to act in response to the present financial problems in the modern economy especially in financial markets. I have the strong hope that Imperial College London with its fortunate reputation in academic world can help me to develop my skills and employability across a wide range of industries. The subjects like statistics, economics, securities market and financial mathematics that I studied during my Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-79659035201398667462019-11-17T07:41:00.001-08:002019-11-17T07:41:04.299-08:00Two Countries Essay Example for Free Two Countries Essay All countries in the world are unique. There are many differences and similarities between Brazil and the United States. They are different from one another in location, size; culture, government, education, healthcare, economy, and lifestyles. Many countries share similarities and have some differences. Brazil and the United States are in different hemispheres, but these two nations share many similarities. à One important similarity is their governments. Both Brazil and the United States have a president as head of state that is elected and only allowed one re-election. They both are federal governments and have a four years term in office. They both governments are guided by a written constitution and have three branches. These are the similarities I could say about their politics. Another similarity between Brazil and the United States is the diversity of ethnic groups. Brazil was colonized by Europeans, and its culture has been greatly influenced by this fact. However, the identity of the Brazilian people is not solely a product of western civilization. Brazil has many ethnic groups that immigrated there and mixed with the native people. The United States also has a diversity of ethnic groups representing the early colonists from northern Europe as well as groups from Africa, the Mediterranean, Asia, and South America. The mixture of cultures and customs has worked to form ethnically rich cultures in both countries. One important difference between Brazil and the United States is the public health system. The Brazilian public health system is the National Health System (SUS), and the United States public health system is managed and provided by government. They both have a private health system with serve in a complementary role. The Brazilian public health services are universal and available to all citizens of the country for free. In the United States public health system is government programs directly cover a small part of the population including the elderly, disabled, children, veterans, and some of the poor. Federal law mandates public access to emergency services regardless of ability to pay. Therefore, this is a small difference between these Brazil and the United Statesââ¬â¢ health system. Finally, Brazil and the United States education systems have public and private schools. They have different ways to enter in college, but the same time is spent in the basic schools. The teacherââ¬â¢s devotion with teaching is the same, but there are different relationships between teachers and students. This is a brief comparison between the Brazilian and American educational system. In conclusion, there are many differences and similarities between countries, as location, size, culture, government, education, healthcare, economy, and lifestyles. These are some elements that could be similar or different between Brazil and the United States. Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7021449607432140585.post-22461040191376786982019-11-14T20:12:00.001-08:002019-11-14T20:12:05.837-08:00Industrial or Economic Espionage :: International Business Competition EssaysIndustrial or Economic Espionage A small Mississauga electronics safety equipment company is broken into. Although filing cabinets and desks were rummaged through, nothing was seemingly taken. An officer discovered the company had drawn up a bid for $7 million dollar contract a day or so before the break-in. The contract in question was for a foreign country. It was later discovered that the company in question was known for its aggressive economic espionage. An iron ore shipping company was also broken into. At first it was thought that the target had been the firms computers. But, nothing was taken, it was assumed that the burglars had been scared off. Within thirty minutes it was discovered that the company was approaching its fiscal year end. staff eventually found that most of the recent database backup tape was missing. A Quebec based company with the laser-based system for inspecting materials used in, among other things, the stealth aircraft, had three computers stolen. On their harddrives were confidential codes for specialized software used by the Canadian Armed forces. The above are all true examples of the modern threat facing international business today known as industrial or economic espionage. The end of the cold and economic pressures have increased the risk of economic espionage. The collapse of the Soviet Union has left unemployed KGB and other former communist bloc intelligence agents selling everything from Russian night vision devices to completely assembled and functional bugging devices. Even friendly western European governments have been caught spying on private corporations based in the U.S. and other countries, while industrial competitors sometimes hire private companies to collect competitive intelligence from their corporate rivals( Lester:96). What exactly is economic espionage? how prevalent is it? Who does it? How do they do it? and what can we do to stop it. These are the questions that will be looked at in the following pages. First lets look at, what exactly is economic espionage. Espionage and intelligence is no longer the exclusive domain of monarchs and governments, it has become a must for modern international business. Large corporations around the world particularly in western Europe and Asia now hire agents to gather intelligence on their competitors and other countries. The goal of economic espionage is to steal trade secrets, plans and confidential procedures or anything to give your company or country a competitive edge over another (Perry:1996). The areas that interest industrial spies the most include radiation transfer technology, systems diagnostic and testing software, traveling wave tubes, aviation technologies, microwave monolithic integrated circuits, inferred signature measures software, radar technologies, wet Yhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03484062644143091458noreply@blogger.com0